226. COMPOSITAE 583 



378. Pappus-bristles 1—4, more or less broadened below. Heads large. 



Ray-flowers neuter. — Species 3. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized. 

 Used as ornamental plants (sunflower) and yielding edible tubers, 

 dye-stuffs, and oily seeds from which bread may be prepared. 



Helianthus L. 

 Pappus-bristles thin, usually numerous. Heads middle-sized. Receptacle 

 convex. Receptacle-scales acuminate. Leaves opposite. — Species 17. 

 Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including Lipotriche R. Br.) 



Melanthera Rohr 



379. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite, arranged in corymbs. Re- 



ceptacle convex. Receptacle-scales with a coloured appendage. Anthers 



arrow-shaped. Fruits 5-ribbed. Pappus a toothed cup. Leaves 



alternate, linear. (See 246.) .... Omphalopappus O. Hoffm. 



Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite, the outer female or neuter. 380 



380. Marginal flowers neuter, with a strap-shaped corolla. Leaves opposite. 



— Species 40. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. Aspilia Thouars 

 Marginal flowers female 381 



381. Marginal flowers with a tubular or shortly strap-shaped corolla. Pappus 



of 2 — 5 unequal bristles united at the base. Leaves, at least the lower, 



opposite. — Species 4. Central Africa Blainvillea Cass. 



Marginal flowers with a distinctly strap-shaped corolla. Pappus cup- 

 shaped, with or witliout awns. Heads stalked 382 



.382. Leaves alternate. Fruits 4— 5-angled, many-ribbed. — Species 6. 



Madagascar Epallage DC. 



Leaves opposite. Fruits 2 — 3-angled, with indistinct angles. (See 375.) 



Wedelia Jacq. 

 .383- (356.) Female marginal flowers in several rows, with a 3'cllow, thread- 

 shaped, 2 — 3-toothed corolla. Involucral bracts in several rows, imbri- 

 cate, with scarious edges. Fruits without ribs. Pappus of one row of 

 bristles. Leaves alternate, undivided. Heads solitary or in glomerules. 



(See 183.) Phagnalon Cass. 



Female or neuter marginal flowers in one row, with a strap-shaped, rarely 

 a tubular but 4-toothed corolla, or wanting. [Tribe HELENIEAE.] 384 



384. Female marginal flowers with a tubular, 4-toothed corolla. Involucral 



bracts in 4 — 5 rows. Receptacle pitted. Pappus of scales. Herbs. 

 Leaves alternate. Heads in panicles. — Species i. Southern West 



Africa (Angola) Welwitschiella O. Hoffm. 



Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting. 

 Heads solitary or in glomerules 385 



385. Receptacle bristly. Involucral bracts in 3 — 4 rows. Anthers arrow- 



shaped, the halves pointed at the base. Pappus of scales. Herbs. 



Leaves alternate or radical. Heads solitary. — Species i. Naturalized 



in Central Africa. An ornamental plant. . . . Gaillardia Foug. 



Receptacle glabrous, rarely {Tagetes) ciliate at the edges of the pits. . 386 



