592 GLOSSARY 



Berry (bacca). A succulent indehiscent fruit with a thin and soft (membranous, parch- 

 ment-like, or cartilaginous) endocarp. 



Biennial [biennis). Fruiting the second year and then perishing. 



Blade {lamina). The upper expanded part of a leaf or leaf-like organ. 



Bract [bractea). A modified leaf, usually reduced in size, intermediate between the foliage- 

 leaves and the flowers, especially those in the axil of which a flower or branch of m- 

 florescence arises. 



Bracteole [bracteola). A bract arising immediately below a flower or on the pedicel. 



Bulb (bulbus). A usually underground part of the stem of certain plants, which is sur- 

 rounded by numerous fleshy scales. 



Caducous (caducus). Falling off very early. 



Calyx (calyx). The outer floral envelope, usually smaller and firmer than the inner and of 



green colour. 

 Campanulate {canipanulatus). Bell-shaped. 

 Capitate [capitatus). Head-like. 



Capsule {capsula). A dry dehiscent fruit, especially if formed of several carpels. 

 Carpel (carpellnm) . A modified leaf bearing the female reproductive organs (ovules). 

 Caruncle (carunctda) . An outgrowth near the hilum of certain seeds. 

 Catkin (amentum). A deciduous spike with a thin rachis and inconspicuous unisexual 



flowers. 

 Cauline (caulinus). Arising along the stem. 



Cell (celhila). One of the sack-like bodies of which the tissue of the plants is composed. 

 Cell (loculus). One of the cavities into which the ovary, the fruit, and the anthers are 



usually divided. The number of anther-cells refers to the time after their dehiscence, 



2- celled anthers being 4-celled when young. 

 Centrifugal (centrifugus). Developing from the centre outwards or from the apex 



towards the base. 

 Centripetal (centripetus). Developing from without towards the centre or from the base 



towards the apex. 

 CiRCiNNATE (circinnatus) . Coiled from the apex downwards. 

 CiRCUMSciss (circumscissx(s). SpHt circularly around. 

 Claw (unguis). The narrow base of perianth-leaves, especially petals. 

 Cleft (fissus, -fidus). Divided half-way down. 



Coherent (cohaerens). Slightly united to an organ of the same kind. 

 Collateral (collateralis) . Placed side by side. 

 Compound Leaf (folium compositum). A leaf formed of leaflets jointed with the rachis 



and usually falling off separately. 

 CoNDU plicate (conduplicatus). Doubled along the midrib. 

 Cone (conus). A spike-like inflorescence flower or fruit with large bracts or scales usually 



becoming woody at maturity. 

 Confluent (confluens). Blended into one. 

 Connate (connatus). United with an organ of the same kind by confluence of the margins 



or by elongation of the common base. 

 Connective (connectivum) . The part of the stamen which connects the anther-halves. 

 CoNNivENT (connivens). Converging. 

 Contorted (contorius). Imbricate in bud, all segments overlapping on the same side 



(to the right or the left from the spectator). 

 Convolute (convoluliis) . Rolled up from one margin. 

 Cordate (cordaiiis). Heart-shaped, i.e., with two rounded basal lobes. 

 CoRM (cormus). The thickened base of certain stems, enveloped by some large scales and 



usually underground. 

 Corolla (corolla). The inner floral envelope, usually larger than the outer, of soft texture, 



and bright coloured. 

 Corona (corona). A crown formed by scale- or thread-like appendages of the perianth 



or the stamens. 



