viii BRITISH FOSSIL ECHINODERMATA. 



Geinitz (52) ; and M. Schafliautl has given figures of the Tertiary species from Kres- 

 senbertT, but in general they have not been determined in a correct manner. It is 

 important moreover to cite the new 'Handbuch der Palseontologie ' by Prof. Zittel (54), 

 and especially the well-written chapter treating of Echinoderms. 



For the Empire of Austria I have equally many Echinologic works to mention. M. 

 Cotteau (55) has made known the Echinides of Stramberg, derived from the strata about 

 which so much controversy has taken place. M. Laube has decribed those from the 

 Bathonian stage at Balin (56), and those from the Upper Tertiaries of Austro-Hungary ; 

 and he has discovered in the Eocene of the Mattsee (5S) a new genus, the Oolasfer 

 bordering on \Anancliytes. The ]\Iiocene strata of Ottnang have furnished to Herr E.. 

 Hoerness (59) some species ; and from those of the environs of Felmenes some others 

 have been noted by Herr Loczy (60), amongst others a new and interesting EcJdno- 

 cardium. 



The Urchins from the Eocene deposits of Hungary and Transylvania have been 

 studied by Herr Pavay (61), who had undertaken a general Monograph on the Echinides 

 of Hungary (62), of which his premature death only permitted him to give a first part to 

 the world. 



The Cretaceous strata, but especially the Tertiary beds, of Istria and of Friuli (64) 

 have furnished many Echinides to M. Taramelli. His summary descriptions have been 

 completed by M. Bittner (65), who has also enriched the Tertiary fauna of Istro-Dalmatia 

 with new and interesting species. 



The Tertiary strata of a region bordering upon Lombardy have been for a long time 

 celebrated for their richness in Echinides, but a monographic study has not yet been 

 made of them. Herr Schauroth (66), in his Catalogue of the Museum of Coburg, has 

 made known in a very imperfect manner some new species. Herr Laube (67) has 

 much augmented the number of forms, and grouping the whole of the known 

 species, has endeavoured to establish a parallelism amongst the beds in which they 

 are found. Herr Dames (68), following up these observations in a very extended 

 memoir, has revised certain of Herr Laube's species, added new ones to the list, and 

 established two new interesting groups : — the genus llarionia, which approaches 

 Pygorhynchis, but possesses a pentagonal periostome ; afterwards the curious genus 

 Ovidypem, which approaches very near to Conodypeus, and like it, was provided with a 

 masticatory apparatus. It behoves us still to cite a fossil species of the genus Palao- 

 pneustes recently discovered in the Seas of the Antilles. The Tertiary beds of the 

 Vicentin seem to be almost inexhaustible, for Herr Bittner (65), following up the pre- 

 cited memoir with another, has been able to add many more species, among which he 

 has discovered several new forms that were unknown to his predecessors. 



The Miocene Mollusca of Italy have yielded to M. Manzoni (69, 70) many interesting 

 Echinides ; and in the Middle Miocene he has collected a large and curious species of 

 SpatangldcE (71, 72). M. Gemellaro (73) has described some species from the Upper 



