196 SCHEDIASMA 



"Genus V. — The Echinospatagus is an Echinus lohose oral aperture is between the centre 

 and the margin, but the anal is situated obliquelj) oj^iposite to the mouth upon or 

 at the margin towards the summit. 



The figiu-e is usually heart-shaped, the furrow being on the upper surface at the broader 

 extremity ; or it is oval without a furrow of that kind. But the anal aperture is always 

 observable in the narrow extremity, as in the Echinanthus. In some species there is also, 

 it appears, some representation of a flower, as in my Echinanthus, but this consists not of 

 fve but of only/o?(!r petals, and those of unequal size ; the fifth towards the broader 

 extremity being absent. 



1 have thought that the name of Sjxitaf/us or Spatancjus, derived from the Greek 

 Swarayyoc, and which is found in Aristotle and other naturalists who have thus desig- 

 nated this Echinus, ought, on this account, to be retained, although more recent writers 

 have extended the terra Spatagus or Spatanc/us to all except the oval Echini ; and these 

 Woodward also has followed in his catalogue, which embraces under this title all except 

 the oval and those marked with five leaves — the pentaphylloidal shaped. 



Table V, fig. 1. — The Echinospatagus cordiformis ; very common. The anal 

 aperture which, in the entire shell, is usually closed l^ecause it is membranous, does not 

 seem to be less minute than in the oval. I have found the shells of this genus empty, 

 blanched, and very fragile. They are very commonly found on the shores of the Adriatic, 

 near Pesaro, where they are termed Cut/lioni on account of their shape and size. 



Fig. 2. The base, in which may be observed both the oral aperture and the anal one 

 of less size. 



Fig. 3. The heart-shaped Echinospatagus, more or less flat, of a smaller size ; fossil ; 

 filled with chalk rock ; from, I believe, Wirtemberg. Fig. 4. The base. 



Fig. 5. The heart-shaped Echinospatagus ; fossil. English, from the Kent chalk pits. 

 The Echinites cordatus of Luidius. [See Plate LXII, Micraster cor-anguinum?\ 



Fig. 6. The base. [Plate LXII, fig. 1 5.] 



Genus YI. — The Echinobrissus is an Echinus whose oral aperture usually occupies the 

 centre of the base, but the anal is seen upon the upper surface at a short distance 

 from the centre, and in a furrow obliquely opposite to the mouth. 



It is always of an oval shape, with the mouth invariably placed towards the narrower 

 and the anus towards the broader part. Some species are rather more elevated, and 

 represent in some measure the human buttocks ; hence it is called clunicularis by Luidius : 



