FROM THE UPPER CHALK. 227 



siliceous moulds without any portion of test attached thereto, and of these he made three 

 species, Conulus globulus, C. nodus, and C. Bulla. His learned commentator, Leske, in 

 his 'Additaraenta ad Kleinii Dispositionem Echinodermatura,' p. 165, groups them all 

 into one species, which he described under the name EcJdnifes vulgaris, and remarks, 

 " Interim hae differentiae si hasc corpora petrefacta, quae plerum.que nuclei tantum 

 Ecldnitaruni sunt, attente contemplor, mihi magis videntur a mutatione, cum in petram 

 converterentur Echini natarales, pendere, quam veram diversitatem specierum indicare. 

 Itaqne etiam Nodum et Bullam Klenii, § 53, 54, ad varietates refero. Prout enim testa 

 vel plus vel minus comprimeretur, eo vel obtusa, vel conica magis nascebatur figura. In 

 nndtis speciminibus vertice obtnso, hie vi externa quasi impressus videtur." Lamarck, 

 in his ' Systeme,' 1801, and in ' Animaux sans Vertebres,' 1816, followed Leske, and 

 cites the Tabs. XIII and XIV of Klein's work as types of E. vulgaris. 



Leske, in his ' Additaraenta,' p. 166, describes another large mould, which he regards 

 as a variety of Echinites vulgaris, and figures the same. In Tab. XL, figs. 2 and 3, of 

 this specimen he observes, " Singularis et notatu digna varietas, tarn propter brunum 

 colorera ; quam propter insignem magnitudineni est ea, Tub. XL, Van Phelsum banc 

 iconem interrogando cum Klenii Tab. XIII, g, h, comparat. Singulares etiam rugae et 

 lineas eminentes in areis conspiciuntur. Ambulacra singula biporosa fuisse videntur ; 

 OS parvum ; anus oblongus ; ambitus testae est circularis.'' 



Lamarck, in his ' Aniniaux sans Vertebres,' tom. iii, p. 20, describes this mould as a 

 new species under the name Galerites abbreviatus, and cites Leske's figure as its type, but 

 we are left in ignorance of its true specific characters, as the test is entirely wanting. 



Schlotheim, Deslongcharaps, Goldfuss, d'Blaiuville, Desmoulins, and Milne-Edwards, 

 in their several works, have followed Lamarck. 



Professor Desor, in his ' Monographic des Galerites,' first gave capital figures in 

 Tab. Ill, fig. 9 — 17, and a concise description of a large Urchin with the test entire, 

 and interior moulds of the same from the collection of M. de Luc. The specimens were 

 collected from the detritic sands of Stada, in North Germany ; he considers these 

 moulds to be the same species which Klein figured as Conulus globulus, C. nodus, and 

 C. nodosa in his ' Dispositio Echinodermatum,' Tab. XIII, fig. d — h. The specimen 

 with the shell was a unicum and has been valuable as helping us to a knowledge of the 

 moulds which have occasioned so much confusion in our synonymy. 



Mr. S. Woodward, Sen., in his ' Memoir of the Geology of Norfolk, has figured two 

 varieties of this Urchin as Galerites vulgaris, a, /3. The specimens Mr. Bone has drawn 

 for this work were obtained from the same chalk pits as those from whence Mr. Woodward's 

 fossils were collected, and these Norwich specimens agree so well with Desor's figure that 

 there is no doubt about their identity with M. de Luc's Urchin. 



M. d'Orbigny, in his ' Palseontologie ErangaisCi' described and figured tins species 

 under the name Echinoconus globulus, Klein, which, I admit, would have been correct in 

 accordance with the principle of priority which has guided our nomenclature of species 



