102 



The Journal of Hcrcdit\' 



diminishing; in breadth, and that the 

 jaws are getting smaller. 



PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



The average body temperature, under 

 the tongue and at rest, is 98.5° in the 

 male and 98.7° in the female Consider- 

 able variation is fovmd, the absolvitely 

 normal limits i)robablv being 97.5° 

 to 99° in the male and'98°to 99.2° in 

 the female. 



The pulse averaged in males 70.6 beats 

 per minute, in females 75.2 per minute. 

 The normal range of variation in each 

 sex was about 30 beats (15 below to 15 

 above the average) . 



The average rate of respiration found 

 in males was 17.2, in females 18.5, 

 with considerable indi\-idual \'ariati()n 

 in both sexes — males 11 to 22, females 

 10 to 24. 



HAIR COLOR 



One of the most interesting results is 

 that there were obtained among these 

 first 200 individuals studied no pro- 

 nounced blonds, although the ancestry 

 of these subjects is supposed to have 

 been North European, where blondncss 

 is more or less ])revalent.'* More men 

 than women are dark, and conversely, 

 more women than men are light. It 

 is a notable fact that not a single case 

 of real red hair has been found among 

 the males in this investigation, while 

 10% of the females boast some approach 

 to Titian tresses. Also, there was not a 

 single case of black hair, in either sex. 

 The exact distribution is : 



Male Female 



Light-brown 12% 16% 



Medium-brown to dark- 

 brown 77% 68% 



Vt-rvdark 11%, 6% 



Golden-rc'ds and rcd.s 00% 10% 



EVI-: CO LOR 



The color of eyes in the two sexes is 

 practically identical, blue eyes being 



found in aljout half the cases. Dr. 

 Hrdlicka's classification is as follows: 



Male Female 



Gray 2% 4% 



Greenish 7% 10% 



Blues 54% 50% 



Browns 37%, 36% 



HEAD FORM 



The head among old Americans is, in 

 many cases, notable for its good develop- 

 ment, particularly in males. Among 

 twelve groups of male immigrants 

 measured at Ellis Island under Dr. 

 Hrdlicka's direction in recent years, not 

 one grou]) quite equals in this respect 

 I he Americans, the nearest approach 

 being noted in the Irish, Bohemians, 

 I'^nglish, Poles and North Italians. The 

 ty])e of head, however, differs among the 

 Americans very widely, as is the case 

 with most civilized races at the present 

 day. 



Head form is most conveniently 

 described by means of the cephalic 

 index, that is, the ratio of breadth to 

 length. Anthro]jologists generally speak 

 of anyone with an index of 75 (or where 

 the breadth is 75% of the length) and 

 below this, as dolichocephalic, or long- 

 headed; from 75 to 80 is the class of 

 the mesoccphalic, intermediates; while 

 above 80 is that of subbrachycephalic 

 and brachycephalic or round-headed. 

 For the most part, the old Americans 

 fall into the intermediate class, the 

 average index of males being 78.3 

 and that of females 79.5. 



Barring a few French Huguenots, the 

 old Americans considered here are 

 mostly of British ancestry, and their 

 head-form corresponds rather closely 

 to that of the English of the present 

 day. In England, as well known, the 

 round-headed type of Central and 

 Eastern Europe, the AljMne or Celto- 

 Slav type, has few representatives. 

 The jMjpulation is composed principally 



* See for.cxample "The Passing of the Great Race," by Madison Grant (p. 74, New York, 

 1916): "One.oftcn hears the statement made that native Americans of Colonial ancestry are of 

 mixed ethnic origin. This is not true. At the time of the Revolutionary War the settlers in 

 the thirteen coloniL^s were not only purely \ordic, Init alscj j)urel_\' Teutonic, a very large majority 

 being Anglo-Sax(m in the most limited meaning of that term. The New England settlers in 

 particular came from those counties of E)ngland where the blood was almost purely Saxon, Anglian, 

 and Dane." 



