idiiii^^ii 



AN ILLUSTRATION OF INTENSIVE UNEBREEDING 



Above is a skeleton pedigree of the bull-terrier Michael, who figures as No. 1, at the bottom 

 of the chart. It will be noted that he has but one grandsire, instead of two, and one 

 great-grandsire, instead of four. Squares represent males and circles females, wliile the 

 shaded symbols designate "marked" dogs. (Fig. 16.) 



On the other hand the continued hnc- 

 breeding of dogs which rarely or never 

 reproduce spots may result in a too 

 complete albinism. This would produce 

 blue eyes or parti-colored noses — worse 

 faults than the "mark." 



The pedigree. Table 1, shows ten 

 generations from Longmeadow Michael, 

 whelped in 1916, to the pillars of the 

 stud book, Old Dutch (1878), Champion 

 Maggie May (1879), etc. With one 

 or two exceptions all these dogs were 

 registered either in England or America 

 and their records are in the official 

 stud books of the two countries. A 

 gap exists back of Tonkinson's vSam and 

 Malins' Rose which is jjrestimably due 

 to carelessness in entry or in ownership. 

 It may be justly assumed, however, 

 that both were of good stock in view of 

 the success, in the show ring, of their 



descendants. Ftirther, it is more than 

 probable that the ancestors of these 

 two dogs are to be found elsewhere in 

 the table. 



Tables 1 and 2 show the frequent 

 interbreeding that occurred and, so far 

 as it is now possible to ascertain, which 

 dogs were "marked." There were un- 

 questionably other marked dogs in 

 many of these old litters but the 

 marking of actual ancestors is believed 

 to be fairly acctu^ate. 



Apart from the perpetuation of the 

 standard coloration there was a general 

 excellence in form as shown by the 

 number of chami)ions recorded and 

 by the fact that most of the others did 

 some winning in the show ring. 



Provided the bodily form was good, 

 and particularly if the difficult head 

 was good, there seems to have been 

 little hesitation in breeding to a marked 



hope of establi.shing a strain of Inill terriers which will jimduce no "marked" dogs: the breeder 

 must be prci)ared to find in every litter .some fluctuation in the amount of jiigment. If the 

 average dog has just the right amount — i. e., black eyes and nose — there are sure to be others 

 constantly appearing who will have too much — i'. e., marks — or toolittic — i. c, blue eyes and white 

 nose. — The Editor. 



316 



