162 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL 



region with remarks on the methods of hafting employed. These seem to 

 be two in number, and consist, in the case of the larger forms, of setting the 

 blade through a hole in the end of a club-like handle, the butt or poll pro- 

 jecting on one side and the blade on the other as in Fig. 13, found in the 

 muck of a pond bottom at Thorndale, Dutchess County, New York, a region 

 once in the Mahican territory. Smaller celts were set into a club-like handle, 

 the butt resting in a hole or socket. 



Adzes. These seem to be of two kinds, the first and most simple being 

 celt-like, but flat on one side, the other side being beveled to an edge on one 

 side. The second form differs in having a groove, which is not infre- 

 quently ridged. Occasionally, adzes with two parallel grooves occur. They 

 were probably hafted by taking a stick at one end of which projected a 

 short arm at right angles with the shaft, laying the flat side of the blade 

 against this arm and binding it on with sinew, thongs or withes. The 

 groove, of course, was of aid in securing the blade to the handle. Adzes 

 of stone, hafted in this manner, have been obtained on the North Pacific 

 coast. The celt adze seems not uncommon, but the grooved adze is rare, 

 neither form being nearly so abundant as in the New England region. 



Gouges. The stone gouge is rare, and seems always to be a plain, 

 single-bladed affair without the transverse grooves so frequently seen in 

 New England specimens, and hereabouts is always easily distinguished 

 from the adze. Less than half a dozen specimens have been seen by the 

 writer from this entire area, although probably cjuite as much work in wood 

 was done by the New York coastal Algonkin as by the New England Indians. 



Pestles. The long pestle occurs throughout the region of the Coastal 

 Algonkin of New York, but is nowhere as abundant as in New England. 

 They seem always to have been used with the wooden block mortar here- 

 abouts, and are mentioned by the early writers as part of the household 

 equipment of the natives. They do not seem to have been used by the 

 Iroquois to the north and west of this area either in early or later times. 

 The wooden pestle of dumb-bell shape seems to have been preferred by 

 them. The latter is used by the Canadian Delaware and may have taken 

 the place of the long stone pestle to a great extent in this region. 



Mvllers, Grinders, mid Polishing Stones. These are frequent, and 

 consist merely of rounded pebbles, shaped and worn by use, probably most 

 often in crushing corn. They are mentioned by De Vries as being used by 

 the Indians with a flat stone slab for grinding corn when traveling. Some 

 seem to have been used for polishing stone implements, but it seems hard to 

 draw the line, as the appearance gained from friction would be quite similar. 

 Such mullers and their attendant slabs, used for preparing corn meal have 

 been collected within a few years in use among the Oneida Iroquois of New 

 York, one specimen being in the American Museum collection. 



