184 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL 



village was Lapinican.^ Going back to the old Dutch records might lead 

 to finding the actual names and other data regarding these places. 



Most of the specimens found on Manhattan Island, as already stated, 

 come from the northern part. We have a few from the central portion, 

 however. There are the arrow-heads spoken of by Riker, and in Webster 

 Free Library there is a fine specimen of a grooved stone axe found at 77th 

 Street and Avenue B. Mr. Calver has found an arrow-head at 81st Street 

 and Hudson River and specimens from the site of Columbia College have 

 been recorded. 



Doubtless the northern part of the Island was inhabited for the longer 

 period ; but it is probable that all along the shore, wherever one of the many 

 springs or small brooks, shown on old maps, emptied into the Hudson or 

 East River, there were small, temporary Indian camps. It is likely that these 

 camps were used only in summer, while the primitive occupant of Manhattan 

 retreated to the more protected part of the Island, as at Inwood and Cold 

 Spring, during the winter. Or it may be possible that, as Ruttenber ' 

 states, the villages on Manhattan Island were only occupied when the Indians 

 were on hunting and fishing excursions, while their permanent villages were 

 on the mainland. Bolton,^ however, says their principal settlement was on 

 Manhattan Island. 



Fort Washington Point. There is a small deposit of shells, on the 

 southern edge of the point, in which the writer found some small pieces of 

 pottery and a few flint chips, thus proving its Indian origin. This was 

 probably a summer camp, as it was too exposed for winter use. 



The Knoll. "The Knoll" was the name applied to a small rise of land, 

 at the southwest corner of Dyckman Street and Sherman Avenue, which ran 

 out into Sherman Creek from the eastern edge of the hill at that place. As 

 already stated, Messrs. Calver and McGuey found potsherds here; then Mr. 

 Chenoweth obtained permission of the property owners to make excavations. 

 He found numerous fragments of arrow points and pottery in some refuse 

 deposits from an Indian camp and also uncovered what were thought to 

 have been "paved fireplaces." The newspapers of the time had accounts 

 of the finds, with pictures of the pottery and other objects found.* Mr. 

 Chenoweth also uncovered a number of skeletons. It is stated that these 

 graves were marked with rough headstones, and there are pieces of a coffin 

 from here in the Terry collection in the American Museum, as are also 

 a number of lead buttons found with one interment. Everything seems 



1 New York, p. 26. 



2 Indian Tribes of Hudson's River, p. 78. 



3 History of Westchester County, p. 25. 



* New York Herald, January 14, 1894; also Illustrated American, September 19, 1901. 



