14 NATURAL HISTORY OF 



was certainly prior to that of the term Bryozoa. In 

 England^ accordingly, the former term is used, whereas 

 on the Continent Bryozoa is the usual appellation. 



In the meantime, the writers named^ together with 

 Sars, Lister^ Loven, Couch, Van Beneden, and others, 

 had added to the number of the species and to the 

 general knowledge of the subject ; and, in 1838, Dr. 

 Geo. Johnston published a valuable treatise on the 

 British Zoophytes, which has been the most important 

 work on the subject until the recent publications of 

 the Rev. Thomas Hincks and Prof. Allman. 



Of Dr. Johnston's work, which was illustrated by a 

 number of beautiful plates drawn from nature by his 

 accomplished wife, a second and much enlarged edition, 

 in two volumes, was again issued in 1847. 



In 1852, the Rev. Dr. Landsborough published a 

 very interesting and carefully written popular history 

 of British Zoophytes, which, however, did not aim to 

 supplant the treatise of Dr. Johnston. In 1856, Prof. 

 Allman issued through the Ray Society a monograph 

 of the fresh-water Polyzoa, which still continues the 

 standard authority upon that branch of the subject. 

 In 1864, the Rev. P. H. Gosse, whose attractive 

 writings have thrown a halo of poetry around the sub- 

 ject, published a history of the Sea Anemones or Zoan- 

 tharia, which is a most valuable and complete work 

 dealing with the whole of the British species. This 

 book is illustrated by magnificently coloured plates 

 of the species described. The anatomical and phy- 

 siological structure of the Sea Anemones has been 

 exhaustively studied by the Brothers Hertwig, who, in 

 1869, published a treatise thereon in Jena, and Prof. 

 Richard Hertwiar has since written the section of the 



