VI PREFACE. 



Dr. Andres, whiclij with many others named in 

 Appendix A,, I have consulted and compared, and 

 to which it is my hope that this book will act as an 

 introduction. 



The various appendices and indexes have been care- 

 fully prepared so as to afford all needful assistance, 

 and all synonyms whose identity with present nomen- 

 clature has been established have been included in the 

 Index of Species. The Zoophytes have proved a most 

 fertile ground for experimental classification, and the 

 number of synonyms is consequently very large. 



The plates with which the book is illustrated have 

 been drawn by my wife, for the most part from speci- 

 mens in my own cabinet : and I take this opportunity 

 of acknowledging my indebtedness to her for her assis- 

 tance in my work. 



I trust that the objects I have before stated may be 

 fulfilled, and that my efforts may prove of service, not 

 only to students, but also to others in want of a guide 

 to the wonders of the shore. 



ARTHUR S.PENNINGTON. 



H EATON, near Bolton, 

 August, 1885. 



