272 NATUEAL HISTORY OF 



FAMILY XIV. 'ESCB.A'RWM, Smitt. 



Zoarium calcareous, incrusting, or erect and lamellate, 

 or ramose. Zooecia without a membranous area or raised 

 margins : (a) with a simple primary aperture, horse- 

 shoe-shaped, or semi-elliptical, or suhorbicular ; or (b) 

 with an elevated secondary orifice inclosing an avicu- 

 larium ; or (c) with a primary orifice having a dentate 

 lower margin, and a secondary orifice channelled in front 

 or entire ; or (d) with the lower margin elevated into a 

 raucro ; in all cases destitute of a true sinus and special 

 pores. — T. H. 



(a) With a simple primary orifice. 



Genus I. Ij^frali a, Johnson (in part). {XeTrpa, scurf; 



aXio^, marine.) 



Zooecia usually ovate, witli the orifice more or less 

 horseshoe-shaped, arched above, contracted at the 

 sides, and with the lower margin entire and generally 

 slightly curved outwards. Zoarium (in the British 

 species) incrusting, or rising into foliated expansions 

 composed of one or two layers of cells. — T. H. 



1. L. Pallasiana, Moll. Plate XXI. fig. 6. 



Eschara Pallasiana (Moll.), Cellepora Pallasiana 

 {Lamx.), Flustra Hibernica {Hassall), Lepralia Pedilo- 

 stoma {Sassall). 



L. Pediostoma ((?. J., D.L.), ?L. Fenestralis {B. Q. C, 

 D. L.). 



Hab. : '' The predominant littoral species on the 

 South-Western Coast of Devon," Llandudno, Isle of 

 Man {T. H.), Hastings [A. 8. P.), Tenby [Bush), 

 Northumberland [Alder), Shetland [A. M. K). 



This is a very pretty species, incrusting stones and 



