346 GOTE TURESSON 
The importance from an ecological point of view of the differing 
genotypical reactions of the ecospecies, when distributed over a con- 
tinuous area comprising different types of localities, seems to have 
been sufficiently demonstrated at this stage. We have been able to 
show, by the help of the cultures made, and by the differentiation 
of dune-ecotypes, sea cliff-ecotypes etc. that one and the same eco- 
species succeeds in populating widely different habitats. It should 
not be argued, however, that the differing phenotypical reactions 
may not also be of great moment from an ecological point of view. 
This is all the more the case when it is found that a population in 
an extreme habitat responds as a whole with a reaction-type which 
is suggestive of a specialized ecotype, although it may be found upon 
culturing to be wholly or partly due to the modificatory effect of the 
particular habitat factors. The cases of the shade forms of Lysimachia 
vulgaris and Solanum Dulcamara on Hallands Väderö, and the Cen- 
taurea and Succisa dwarfs, analysed above, illustrate this mode of beha- 
viour. The reaction-types of the ecotypes called forth by the modifi- 
catory influences of extreme habitat factors may appropriately be ter- 
med ecophenes. 
It becomes necessary briefly to consider the genetical analogues 
of these units. The term genospecies has been proposed (cp. Turesson 
1922) to embody the facts of the genotypical construction of the 
ecospecies. The term, however, is properly to be employed for the 
genetical analogue of the coenospecies. The genotypes (JOHANNSEN, 
1909) are, further, the Mendelian sub-units of the genospecies, as 
the ecotypes are the ecological sub-units of the ecospecies. The va- 
rious reaction-types of one and the same genotype might be termed 
genophenes. The inclusion of the different genophenes of a genotype 
becomes then the phenotype (Jonannsen, 1909). The different units 
distinguished thus group themselves in the following series: 
coenospecies genospecies 
ecospecies 
ecotype genotype, phenotype 
ecophene genophene 
Figs. 78 and 79 may facilitate the survey of the both unit-groups. 
It should be said in conclusion that the study of the species 
along the lines developed in the present work is intended to furnish 
a necessary complement to the Mendelian study of the species pro- 
