90 



THE FLOWERING PLANT. 



so close in ground-ivy and some other related forms. The triple 

 nature of the lower lip is more readily seen. It is chiefly 

 made up of a large central lobe, corresponding to the free part 

 of the anterior petal, while a small pointed tooth on either side 

 of this indicates the existence of another petal. In ground-ivy 

 the lower lip is three-lobed, and though the middle one is largest, 

 yet there is not the same disproportion as in the other case. 

 A labiate corolla is said to be helmet- shaped (galeate) when the 

 upper lip forms a curved hood covering the stamens, <fec, as 

 in the white dead nettle, and it is termed gaping (ringent) when, 

 as in the same instance, the throat is freely open. The upper lip 

 may be very much reduced in size, as in blue lobelia, bugle, and 

 wood-sage. Examination of the irregularly bell-shaped corolla 

 of foxglove will show that here too is an instance of the lipped 

 condition. The upper lip is broad, and its double nature is 

 indicated by a slight notch. The lower lip is composed of three 

 lobes well marked off from one another. Two of these are 

 lateral, while the third and largest one projects somewhat, is 

 spotted, and covered inside with soft, rather long hairs. A 

 remarkable modification of the labiate corolla is found in snap- 

 dragon. The larger upper lip is deeply cleft, and obviously 

 represents two petals, while the lower lip pos- 

 sesses three lobes, of which the middle one is 

 smallest, just the opposite to the preceding 

 cases. But this is not all. Projecting from the 

 upper side of the lower lip is a large, differently 

 I coloured outgrowth, the palate, which blocks up 

 the throat. Such a corolla is masked (personate). 

 It may be noted in addition that the tube is 

 saccate near its attachment, at a part which 

 belongs to the posterior petal. The wild yellow 

 toad-flax agrees generally with the above descrip- 

 tion, but the posterior petal, instead of being 

 saccate, is produced into a long pointed spur. 

 In all the preceding cases one lip has been com- 

 posed of three, the other of two lobes. Other 

 groupings are known of the same number of 

 petals. Thus, in honeysuckle there is a narrow 

 Liguiate tube, a large four-lobed upper lip and a narrow 

 c rudiment one-lobed lower lip. All the lobes are reflexed. 

 tary calyx; 7. co- The strap-shaped (liqulate) corolla is not very 



rolla ; a. united an- „ i i i • . j 



thers ; s. style with remoyed irom the labiate one, e.g., wood-sage, 



forked stigma. ^^ a re( j uce( j U pp er lip. Take, for example, 



the cultivated scarlet lobelia, The narrow tube here terminates 



in a deeply five-lobed limb. The corolla, in fact, looks as if 



