SEEDS AND FRUITS. 



137 



b. Many-seeded. — Splitting fruits (schizocarps). Sepa- 

 rate into one-seeded parts (mericarps), resembling 

 nuts or achenes. Ex. Maple, parsnip, carrot, 

 carraway (2), Indian-cress (3), forget-me-not, 

 borage, dead nettle (4), geranium (5) (fig. 57), 

 mallows (many). A winged mericarp, as in 

 maple, is a samara (fig. 58). 

 Dehiscent. — Pericarp opens when ripe to liberate the 

 seeds, which are usually numerous, and enclosed by 

 hard or thick coats. 



a. Follicle, of one carpel, superior. Dehisces along 



the ventral suture. Ex. Larkspur, columbine, 

 marsh marigold, pseony. 



b. Pod or Legume. — Like (a), but dehiscing dorsally 



as well (cf. fig. 48, D). Ex. Papilionaceous 

 flowers, as pea, bean, gorse, and broom. 



Fig. 57.— Splitting Fruit 

 of Geranium. 



Fig. 58.— Samaras of Sycamore. 



c. Siliqua, of two carpels, superior, cavity divided 



into two by a spurious dissepiment or replum (cf. 

 p. 105). Placentation parietal. Ex. Wallflower, 

 stock, cabbage. 



d. Silicula. — A short, broad siliqua. Ex. Shepherd's 



purse, 

 c. Capsule, of two or more carpels. Dehisces — 



(a.) Longitudinally (fig. 59), with formation of 

 teeth or valves for a greater or less distance 

 from the top. If the constituent carpels 

 separate where united, the capsule is 

 septicidal, and when there are more than 

 one loculus, this means splitting of the 

 dissepiments. Ex. Gentian (one loculus), 



