APPENDIX ON PRACTICAL WORK. 1 47 



IV. Foliage Leaf : — 



1. Composition.— {a.) Stalked or sessile (p. 52). (b.) Stipulate or 

 exstipulate (i.e., without stipules), (c.) With sheath or without, (d.) 

 Simple or compound (in this case the kind) (pp. 59-61). 



2. Arrangement. — (a.) In the bud (chap. v.). First note distribution 

 of the buds and then the way in which the leaves are packed in them. 

 (&.) If radical, cauline, or both (p. 24). (c.) Horizontal, vertical, or 

 equitant (pp. 54-55). (d.) Phyllotaxis (pp. 49-51). Look out for bila- 

 teral arrangement (p. 51). 



3. Petiole (and leaflet stalks in compound leaf). — (a.) Relative length. 

 (b.) Form, whether grooved above, winged, &c. Note whether a pul- 

 vinus is present (p. 53). (c.) Surface and colour. See Stem, (d.) Modifi- 

 cations (pp. 53-54). 



4. Lamina. — Average specimens should be selected. Radical and 

 cauline leaves often need separate descriptions. Treat the leaflets of 

 compound leaves like the blades of simple leaves, noting also whether 

 there are striking differences between the leaflets in the same compound 

 leaf. 



(a.) Size, (b.) If tubular, cylindrical, or oblique (p. 55), mention it. 

 (c.) Venation (pp. 55-57). Note if veins project on under side, (d.) 

 General shape (pp. 57-58). (e.) Base; practically included under (d.), 

 as many of the terms on p. 58 are due to its modification. (/.) Apex; 

 the same remark is true as for base. Special terms are also used, as 

 acute, tapering evenly to a point (fig. 18) ; acuminate, suddenly tapering 

 to a point (fig. 26) ; mucronate, ending in a short hard point (Galium) ; 

 obtuse, suddenly rounded off ; emarginate, with a shallow notch ; retuse, 

 with a deep notch. The last form graduates into obcordate. (g.) Mar- 

 gin (pp. 58-59, footnote p. 28). Note also that the margin maybe wavy 

 and spiny (both in holly), (h.) Texture (p. 62). (i.) Surface and colour 

 (p. 62). See Stem. Note differences between upper and lower surfaces. 

 A bluish-green colour, caused by wax-particles, is termed glaucous (e.g., 

 white poppy), (k.) Modifications (p. 61). 



5. Sheath. — (a.) Relative size, (b.) Whether forming a complete tube 

 or not. (c.) Texture. 



6. Stipules. — (a.) Arrangement (pp. 63-64). (b.) Texture, foliaceous 

 or membranous. 



V. Scale Leaf (p. 64) :— 



1. Arrangement. — (a.) On overground buds, (b.) On underground 

 parts of stem. 



2. Form. 



3. Texture. 



4. Surface and colour. 



VI. Inflorescence and Bracts (pp. 75-80) :— - 



1. Position. — Terminal or axillary. 



2. Kind and Size (including number of flowers). 



3. Branching. — Its amount. 



4. Direction. — Erect, spreading, pendent, &c. 



5. Peduncles and Pedicels. — Describe as stem. 



6. Bracts. — Describe like foliage leaves. 



