APPENDIX ON PRACTICAL WORK. 1 53 



able bark. Leaves generally without a slieath, net-veined. 

 Flowers with parts in 4's or 5's, or a multiple of those numbers. 

 Calyx and corolla usually unlike. Seed, embryo with two coty- 

 ledons ; endosperm often absent. 



Sub-class 1. — Incomplete. 



Flowers often unisexual. Calyx inconspicuous or o. Corolla, o. 

 Series (1). — Hypogyiw. 



Ovary superior. 

 Series (2). — Epigynm. 

 Ovary inferior. 



Sub-class 2. — Polypetalse. 

 Flowers generally bisexual. Calyx and corolla both present, as a rule, 

 the latter polypetalous, and generally bright coloured. 

 Series (1). — ThalamiflorcB. 



Flower hypogynous. Stamens often numerous. 

 Series (2). — Calycifloro?. 



Flower perigynous or epigynous. Calyx generally gamose- 

 palous. 



Sub-class 3.— Gamopetalse or Corolliflorae. 



Flowers generally bisexual. Calyx generally present, gamosepalous. 

 Corolla generally present, gamopetalous, and, as a rule, 

 brightly coloured. Gyncecium usually syncarpous. 

 Series (1). — Hypogynce. 



Ovary superior. Stamens mostly epipetalous. 

 Series (2). — Epigyncc. 

 Ovary inferior. 



Having determined the sub-division, class, sub-class, and series to 

 which a plant belongs, the next step is to find its natural order or 

 family. The following table will enable this to be effected. Details 

 are not given of Gymnosperms, and as there are some ninety natural 

 orders represented among British Angiosperms, only the most important 

 of these can receive notice. 



Class II.— MONOCOTYLEDONS. 



Sub-class 1. — Nudiflorse. 



Series (1.) — Spadiciflora?. 



Order 1. — Aroidaceae. — Herbs. Leaves, net-veined {N.B. exception 

 to rule). Inflorescence, a spadix, often surrounded by a large 

 spathe. Fruit, a berry. 



Exs. — Arum, arum lily (Bichardia). 

 Order 2. — Lemnacese. — Minute aquatic herbs. Stem, a disc. Leaves, 

 o. Flowers, monoecious. Stamens, 1. Carpels, 1. 

 Exs. — Duckweeds (Lemna and Woljfla). 

 Order _ 3. — Typhaceae. — Erect marsh plants. Inflorescence, spadix 

 without a spathe. Flowers, monoecious, male inflorescences upper- 



