154 APPENDIX ON PRACTICAL WORK. 



most. Perianth, o, or of hairs or scales. Stamens, generally two 

 or three. 



Exs. — Bur-reed (Sparganium), bulrush. 



Series (2). — GlumiflorcB. 



Order 1. — Graminacese. — Stem, fistular, swollen at nodes. Leaves, 

 with a split sheath, and usually a ligule ; divergence ^. Flowers, 

 usually bisexual. Embryo, on one side of endosperm. 

 Exs. — Grasses. 

 Order 2. — Cyperacese- — Grass-like herbs. Stem, solid. Leaves, with 

 a tubular sheath and no ligule ; divergence ^. Embryo, enclosed 

 in endosperm. 

 Exs. — Sedges. 



Sub-class 2. — Petaloideae. 



Series (1). — Ilypogynw. 



Order 1. — Liliacese— Mostly herbs. Flowers, regular. Floral 

 formula, generally Ca 3, Co 3, An 3 -1- 3, Gn ffl. Placentation, 

 ax ile. Fruit, a capsule or berry. 



Exs. — Lily, hyacinth, tulip, onion, garlic, leek, asparagus, 

 butcher's broom (a shrub). 

 Order 2. — Juncaceae. — Grass-like herbs. Leaves, cylindrical. Floivers, 

 inconspicuous and regular. Sepals and petals, brown and scale- 

 like. Floral formula, as Liliacea.'. Fruit, a capsule. 

 Exs. — Eushes. 



Series (2). — Epigynce. 



Order 1. — Iridaceae. — Herbs. Stem, forming bulb, corm, or rhizome. 

 Leaves, equitant. Floral formula, Ca 3, Co 3, An 3 + 0, Gn jjj}. 

 Placentation, axile. Fruit, a 3-chambered loculicidal capsule. 

 Exs. — Iris, crocus, gladiolus. 

 Order 2. — Amaryllidaceae. — Herbs. Stem, bulbous. Flowers, usually 

 regular. Floral formula, usually as Liliaceas. but Gn (|j. Placen- 

 tation, axile. Fruit, generally as in Iridaceae. 

 Exs. — Snowdrop, daffodil, narcissus. 

 Order 3. — OrchidaceaB. — Herbs. Roots, tuberous. Inflorescence, a 

 spike or raceme. Flowers, irregular, twisted completely round. 

 Floral formula, usually Ca 3, Co 3, An 1 + o, Gn js). Perianth 

 generally spurred. Stamen, gynandrous. Placentation, parietal. 

 Fruit, a 1 -chambered loculicidal capsule. 

 Exs. — Orchids. 



Class III.— DICOTYLEDONS. 



Sub-class 1. — Incompletae. 

 Series (1). — Ilypogyna?. 



Order 1. — Urticaceae. — Herbs or shrubs, frequently covered witli 

 stinging hairs. Flowers, unisexual. Calyx, regular, with four or 

 five divisions. Stamens, superposed to the sepals. Ovule, single, 

 straight, erect. 

 Exs.^- Nettles. 



