EXAMINATION QUESTIONS. 



63 



4. Inflorescence and Flower. 



47. Give a sketch of the different 

 kinds of inflorescence, with examples 

 of each. (S.K.A.) 



48. Explain precisely the kinds of 

 inflorescence to which the names spike, 

 raceme, and panicle are given. Show 

 in what respects they differ, and give 

 examples from familiar plants. (S.K.E.) 



49. Briefly describe, giving examples, 

 the following forms of inflorescence, 

 and point out the relation which exists 

 between them : spike, spadix, raceme, 

 head. (S.K.E.) 



50. Define raceme, spike, catkin, 

 umbel, capitulum, corymb, and panicle, 

 and give one or more examples of each. 

 (S.K.E.) 



51. Describe the structure of the 

 inflorescence in arum. (S.K.A.) 



52. Describe the structure of the 

 flower of any flowering plant. In what 

 part of the flower is the seed formed ? 

 What events must take place before a 

 flower " goes to seed " ? (S.K.E.) 



53. Describe, with examples, the 

 structure of (a.) a hypogynous, (b.) a 

 perigvnous, and {c. ) an epigynous flower. 

 (S.K.'E.) 



54. What is a flower? What struc- 

 tures compose it, and what are their 

 use? (S.K.E.) 



55. Describe the typical arrangement 

 of the parts of a flower ; how is this 

 modified in a legumiuous and labiate 

 plant, and in an orchid and a grass? 

 (S.K.A.) 



56. Describe and compare the struc- 

 ture of the staminal and carpellary 

 flowers of Pinus. (S.K.A.) 



57. Give an account of the structure 

 of the head of a daisy. (S.K.E.) 



58. Describe the structure of the 

 floret of a grass, and explain the homo- 

 logy of its different parts. (S.K.A.) 



59. What grounds are there for re- 

 garding the parts of a flower as modi- 

 fied leaf organs ? (S. K. A. ) 



60. Explain fully the various respects 

 in which a petal differs from a leaf. 

 (S.K.E.) 



6r. Describe the typical form of a 

 stamen, and illustrate from British 

 plants any remarkable deviations from 

 it. (S.K.A.) 



62. Explain, and illustrate by means 

 of examples, the following terms relat- 

 ing to the stamens of flowers : — Tetra- 

 dynamous, didynamous, diadelphous. 

 syngenesious. What is the meaning of 



the statement that the flower of the 

 Orchidaceas is gynandrous? (S.K.E.) 

 63. Describe the structure of the 

 stamen of a flowering plant. What 

 bodies are produced by it, and what 

 happens to them after they are shed 



on the sth 



(S.K.E.) 



64. Describe the structure and state 

 the uses of anthers. What is the evi- 

 dence that a stamen may be regarded 

 as a modification of the leaf? (S.K.E.) 



65. Describe in detail the structure 

 of an anther and of a pollen grain. 

 (S.K.E.) 



66. AVhat is pollen ? What is its use ? 

 (S.K.E.) 



67. Describe the ordinary structure 

 of a grain of pollen, and the change 

 which takes place when it is applied 

 to the stigma. (S.K.E.) 



68. Describe the pistil of any flower- 

 ing plant. What is the nature and 

 what is the use of the various parts of 

 which it is composed? State briefly 

 the changes by which, as in the bean. 

 a young pistil is converted into a ' ' ripe 

 pod." (S.K.E.) 



69. What is the explanation of the 

 origin of the syncarpous pistil? Enume- 

 rate the families in the British flora in 

 which it occurs with a parietal placen- 

 tation. (S.K.A.) 



70. What is a placenta? Describe 

 the placentatiou in the Crucifera?, the 

 Leguminosa3,andtheLiliacea3. (S.K.E.) 



71. Explain the use of the stigma, 

 and point out the mode in which its 

 minute structure is adapted to its use. 

 Give illustrations of modifications in 

 its form from British plants. (S.K.A. ) 



72. Describe the structure and state 

 the use of ovules. What is necessary 

 for the final development of these 

 organs? (S.K.E.) 



73. In what points of structure does 

 an ovule differ from a seed? (S.K.E.) 



74. What is a "nectary"? Give 

 examples of such a structure amongst 

 British plants. (S.K.A.) 



75. What are meant by polygamous 

 plants? Give instances. (S.K.A.) 



76. Give illustrations from British 

 plants of contrivances to protect the 

 floral organs from the attacks of in 

 sects. (S.K.A.) 



77. Enumerate the British plants 

 which are wind-fertilised, and explain 

 in what respects their flowers are 

 adapted accordingly. (S.K.A.) 



