iC>4 



EXAMINATION QUESTIONS. 



78. Explain the way in which insects 

 are of use to flowers, and the means by 

 which flowers attract them. (S.K.E.) 



79. Show how pollination is effected 

 in any two of the following flowers : — 

 Foxglove, white dead nettle, broom, 

 violet, hazel, willow. (L.M.) 



80. What is meant by dichogamy? 

 Illustrate your answer by examples 

 taken from the British flora. (S.K.A.) 



81. Describe the different kinds of 

 flowers which exist in the genus Viola, 

 and show for what purposes and in what 

 manner they are adapted. (S.K.A.) 



82. Some English plants have one, 

 others have two, and even three kinds 

 of flowers. Explain how this is pos- 

 sible. (S.K.E.) 



83. How do you explain the fact that 

 while the leaves of most plants are 

 green, their flowers are of some other 

 colour? (S.K.E.) 



84. Explain briefly the biological 



significance of (a.) brightly coloured 

 and (6.) irregular flowers, as compared 

 with (c.) inconspicuous and (d.) regu- 

 lar flowers. Give examples. (L. I. ) 



85. What is meant by an irregular 

 flower? Give examples and explain 

 in each case the advantage of the 

 modification. (S.K.E.) 



86. How do you account for the for- 

 mation of "spurs" from floral organs? 

 "What is their use? Illustrate your 

 answer by examples from native plants. 

 (S.K.A.) 



87. In some plants the style is made 

 the instrument of distributing the pol- 

 len which it is not itself to use. Ex- 

 plain and illustrate this statement by 

 examples. (S.K.A.) 



88. Describe the process of fertilisa- 

 tion in any angiospermous phanero- 

 gam, giving a full account of the 

 structure of the ovule at the time of 

 fertilisation. (S.K.A.) 



5. Seed and Fruit. 



89. Explain precisely in what points 

 of structure a seed differs from an 

 ovule. (S.K.E.) 



90. What is the botanical meaning 

 of the term "fruit"? Describe the 

 structure of a plum, a strawberry, a 

 blackberry, and an apple. (S.K.E.) 



91. From what parts of the flower 

 may the fruit be developed. Describe 

 an achene, a follicle, and a nut, giving 

 examples. (S.K.E.) 



92. Describe a broad bean or pea, 

 or any other large seed, and the parts 

 of which it is composed. Describe also 

 the changes which take place when a 

 bean is sown and germinates. (S.K.E.) 



93. Describe a ripe strawberry; com- 

 pare and contrast its structure with 

 that of a fig. What is the use of the 

 fleshy part? (L.M.) 



94. Explain the essential differences 

 of structure in the fruits of the straw- 

 berry and blackberry. (S.K.E.) 



95. Describe the structure of a plum 

 and of an apple. What important 

 organ enters into the one and not into 

 the other? (S.K.E.) 



'96. [ n what important respects does 

 the fruit of a cruciferous plant (such 

 as shepherd's purse) differ from that 

 of al eguminous plant (such as a pea) ? 

 How can the differences be accounted 

 or? (S.K.E.) 



97. Describe the fruits of a butter- 

 cup and of a pink. In what respects 



do they agree, and in what respects do 

 they differ? (S.K.E.) 



98. What is a berry ? What is the 

 advantage to a plant to have this kind 

 of fruit? (S.K.E.) 



99. Describe fully the structure of a 

 grain of wheat, and explain the nature 

 and function of its several parts(S.K. A.) 



100. Describe and compare the seeds 

 of the bean and of the wheat. (S. K. E. ) 



101. What is the structural differ- 

 ence between a horse-chestnut and a 

 sweet chestnut? (S.K.A.) 



102. Describe the various modes by 

 which seeds are disseminated, and give 

 illustrative examples. (S.K.A.) 



103. Give a detailed account of the 

 germination of any one of the follow- 

 ing:— A bean, a grain of wheat, an 

 acorn, or a date. (L.M.) 



104. Why are some of our fruit 

 trees thorny in the wild state, but not 

 when cultivated? (S.K.E.) 



105. Describe the germination of a 

 jjea and of a grain of wheat. (S.K.E.) 



106. Give an account of the external 

 conditions requisite for germination of 

 a seed and growth of the embryo, and 

 explain how these conditions operate. 

 (L.I.) 



107. The seeds of mustard and cress 

 will germinate on flannel soaked with 

 rain-water. Will they go on growing 

 under these circumstances, and if not, 

 why not? (S.K.E.) 



