PREFACKE. 
THE present work has been written with the intention of 
illustrating the First Principles of Botany by means of 
common Flowering Plants. No previous knowledge is 
assumed, and the style is made as simple as possible, the 
technical terms necessary being carefully explained as they 
occur. The paramount importance of Practical Work is 
insisted on throughout, and, wherever possible, easily 
obtained objects are described instead of rare ones, so that 
the student can readily verify most of the facts mentioned. 
A short Practical Appendix is also added. 
No attempt has been made to “ write up” (or ‘‘ down”) 
to any syllabus, but it is believed that the book will meet the 
requirements of most Elementary Examinations in Botany. 
A selection of South Kensington and London Questions 
has been appended. 
My best thanks are due to Professor J. von Sachs for 
permission to use several figures; and also to my friend 
and former colleague, Mr. John Brill, M.A., who has given 
me much kind help during the progress of the work. 
Any corrections or suggestions for improvement will be 
gladly received. 
J. R. A. D. 
ABERYSTWYTH, 
December, 1889. 
