104 THE FLOWERING PLANT. 
or curved, and in many cases its exterior is provided with hairs. 
The stigma is a roughened and viscid region of the pistil. It 
may be a mere spot or streak, but often forms a distinct projec- 
tion. The general shape of the ovary may be described by such 
terms as globular, ovoid, elongated, flattened, &c. It often pre- 
sents a particular number of sides and angles, corresponding to 
the number of united carpels. The ovaries of tulip and lily, for 
instance, are three-sided. Prominent ribs or conspicuous veins 
may correspond to the midribs of the united carpels. The suzface 
of the ovary is often more or less beset with hairs. One or more 
ovule-containing compartments (/oculi) may be found within the 
ovary, and we will now try to ascertain what this has to do with 
the folding of the carpels. Imagine the five separate carpels of 
a columbine to fuse together. An ovary possessing five com- 
partments or loculi would be formed, each of which would have 
an outer wall formed by the dorsal side of a carpel, and two side- 
walls or dissepiments 
separating it from ad- 
jacent compartments 
(fig. 48, G). The side- 
walls would evidently 
be double in nature. 
Finally, the ventral 
sutures would become 
internal, and theovules 
would spring from the 
inner angle of the 
loculus. This kind of 
placentation is termed 
axile. Good examples 
are found in orange 
(several carpels), dit- 
tany (five), snowberry 
(four), lily (three), and 
foxglove (two). It is 
evident that if two or 
more carpels become 
FIG. 48.—Placentation and Ovules [after Prantl]. D-G. united by their edges 
diagrammatic cross-sections of ovaries. D. simple ith foldi 
ovary. E. ovary showing parietal placentation. F. without any folding, 
ditto, but tending towards G, which represents axile they would form an 
placentation ; p. placenta ; v.s. ventral suture ; H-K. i H 
straight, inverted, and bent ovules; f. funicle; mp. unilocular Ovary, 1.€., 
Ty . , 7 fou . . . 
eee ae int’. integuments ; nw. nucellus; e.s. an ovary with one 
og 
Fite compartment. This 
condition is well exemplified in the three-sided ovary of violet or 
pansy (fig. 50). A cross-section shows that the angles corre- 
