154 APPENDIX ON PRACTICAL WORK. 
most. Perianth, o, or of hairs or scales. Stamens, generally two 
or three. 
Kus.—Bur-reed (Sparganium), bulrush. 
Series (2).—Glumiflore. 
Order 1.—Graminacez.—Stem, fistular, swollen at nodes. Leaves, 
with a split sheath, and usually a ligule ; divergence 3. Flowers, 
-usually bisexual. Hmbryo, on one side of endosperm. 
Hixs.— Grasses, 
Order 2.—Cyperaces.—Grass-like herbs. Stem, solid. Leaves, with 
a tubular sheath and no ligule ; divergence 3. Hmbryo, enclosed 
in endosperm. 
Has.—Sedges, 
Sub-class 2.—Petaloidez. 
Series (1).—Hypogyne. 
Order 1.—Liliacee.—Mostly herbs. Flowers, regular. Floral 
formula, generally Ca 3, Co 3, An 3 + 3, Gn®), Placentation, 
axile. wit, a capsule or berry. 
xs.—Lily, hyacinth, tulip, onion, garlic, leek, asparagus, 
butcher’s broom (a shrub). 
Order 2.—Juncaceze.—Grass-like herbs. Leaves, cylindrical. Flowers, 
inconspicuous and regular. Sepals and petals, brown and scale- 
like. Floral formula, as Liliaceee. “rut, a capsule. 
Hxs.— Rushes. 
Series (2).—Epigyne. 
Order 1.—Iridacez.—Herbs. Stem, forming bulb, corm, or rhizome, 
Leaves, equitant. Floral formula, Ca 3, Co 3, An 3 + 0, Gn @. 
Placentation, axile. Fruit, a 3-chambered loculicidal capsule. 
as.—Iris, crocus, gladiolus. 
Order 2.—Amaryllidacez.—Herbs. Stem, bulbous. Flowers, usually 
regular. Floral formula, usually as Liliaceee. but Gn @. Placen- 
tation, axile. Fruit, generally as in Iridacee. 
azs.—Snowdrop, daffodil, narcissus. 
Order 3.—Orchidacez.—Herbs. Roots, tuberous. Inflorescence, a 
spike or raceme. Flowers, irregular, twisted completely round. 
Floral formula, usually Ca 3, Co 3, An1+o0, Gng. Perianth 
generally spurred. Stamen, gynandrous. Placentation, parietal. 
Fruit, a 1-chambered loculicidal capsule. 
Kxs.—Orchids. 
Criass IT].—DICOTYLEDONS. 
Sub-class 1.—Incomplete. 
Series (1).—Hypogyne. 
Order 1.—Urticaceze—Herbs or shrubs, frequently covered with 
stinging hairs. lowers, unisexual. Calyx, regular, with four or 
five divisions. Stamens, superposed to the sepals. Ovule, single, 
straight, erect. 
Lxs.—N ettles. 
