APPENDIX ON PRACTICAL WORK. 155 
Order 2.—Amentacexe.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves, scattered. Jnflor- 
escence, catkins. lowers, unisexual. Male and female flowers 
arranged in different catkins. Gynaciwm, syncarpous. Car- 
pels, 2. 
Exs. —Willow, birch, alder. 
Order 3.—Chenopodiaceze.—Herbs. Leaves, exstipulate. Flowers, 
small, green, regular, bisexual. Calyz, 5- “lobed. Stamens, super- 
posed to sepals. Gynectum, synearpous. Carpels, 2 
Exs.—Goosefoot (Chenopodium), spinach, beetroot. 
Order 4.—Polygonacexz.—Herbs. Stem, dilated at the nodes. Leaves, 
scattered, with ochreate stipules. lowers, small, regular, gene- 
rally bisexual. Sepals, 4 to 5. Stamens, superposed to sepals. 
Gynacvum, synearpous. Carpels, 3. Ovule, single, straight, erect. 
Exs.—Knotgrass, dock, sorrel, rhubarb. 
Series (2).--Hpigyne. 
Order 1.—Cupuliferz.— Shrubs or trees, Leaves, scattered, stipulate. 
Flowers, small, green, unisexual, Male flowers in catkins. Female 
flowers surrounded by bracts. Fruit, a nut. 
Exs.—Oak, beech, hazel, hornbeam. 
Sub-class 2.—Polypetale. 
Series (1.)— Thalamiflore. 
Order 1.—Ranunculaceze.—Generally herbs. Leaves, usually scat- 
tered. Stamens, indefinite, spirally arranged. Gyneciwm, apo- 
carpous. Carpels, generally indefinite and spirally arranged. 
Fruit, generally an achene or follicle. 
Exs. —Clematis, anemone, buttercup, lesser celandine, Christ- 
mas rose, marsh marigold, larkspur, monk’s-hood, pzeony. 
Order 2.—Papaveraceze.— Herbs with milky juice. Leaves, scattered, 
exstipulate. Flowers, regular. Sepals, 2, usually caducous. 
Petals 4. Stamens, indefinite, arranged in alternating whorls. 
Gynecium, syncarpous. Placentation, parietal. 
Exs.—Poppy, greater celandine, Californian poppy (LEsch- 
scholtza), 
Order 3.—Crucifere.—Herbs. Leaves, scattered, exstipulate. In- 
florescence, a raceme without bracts. lowers, generally regular. 
Sepals, 4, in two whorls. Corolla, cruciform. Petals, 4, alternating 
with sepals, and placed obliquely (see fig. 38). Stamens, tetrady- 
namous, in two whorls. Gyneciwm, syncarpous. Carpels, 2, 
lateral. Fruit, a siliqua. 
Exs.—Wallflower, stock, watercress, cabbage, turnip, horse- 
radish, radish, shepherd’s purse, candytuft. 
Order 4.—Violaceze.—Herbs. Leaves, scattered, stipulate. Flowers, 
irregular. Floral formula, Cas, Co 5, An 5, Gn. Petals, the 
odd anterior (lower) one with a spur. Stamens, two lower ones 
with nectaries. Placentation, parietal. Fruit, a loculicidal 
capsule, 
H«s.—Violet, pansy. 
Order 5.—Caryophyllacee.—Herbs. Stem, usually swollen at the 
nodes. Leaves, decussate, Inflorescence, cymose. Flowers, regular, 
