INDEX. 
Spinach, 155. 
Spindle-shaped, 14, 28 ° 
Spindle-tree, 134. 
Spine, 27, 28, 41, 61, 64, 111. 
Spiny, 147. 
Spiral, 25, 74, 75; 80, 81, 83, 92, 110, 115, 
140, 1553 genetic s., 50. 
Spirit, 159. 
Splitting fruit, 137, 156, 157. 
Spontaneity, 11, 12; of root, 19; of stem, 
44-45; of foliage leaf, 73; of flower, 
131. 
Sporangium, 92, 109. 
Spore, 92, 109, 1143 S. case, 109 
Spore-leaf, female (see Carpel); male (see 
tamen). 
Sporophyll, female (see Carpel); male (see 
Stamen). 
Spotted, 62, 90, 122. 
Spreading, 85, 88, 118, 123, 124, 147. 
Spring, 18, 19, 38, 46, 47, 116. 
Spring-clip, 158. 
Spring-water, 69. 
Spur, 85, 90, 121, 130, 151, 155. 
Spurious fruit (see Pseudocarp). 
Spurred, 85, 88, go. 
Square, 23, 30, 52, 146, 157. 
Squirting cucumber, 141. 
Stage, 158, 160. 
Staining, of sections, 159-160. 
Stalactite, 6. 
Stalk (see Funicle, Pedicel, 
Petiole). 
Stalked, 52, 59, 60, 69, 77, 147- 
Stamen, 74, 75, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92-98, 100, 
IOI, 103, IIO, 113, 115, 116, 118, 120, 121, 
I22, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 152, 
153, 154; 155, 156, 157; description of, 
148, 151. 
Staminode, 97. 
Stand, 158. 
Standard, 113. 
Standard rose, 25. 
Starch, 3, 10, 18, 25, 42, 67, 134, 135: 
Stellate, 89. ; 
Stem, 21-45; adventitious s., 22; aerial, 
23, 24-25; climbing s., 25-26, 44, 453 
creeping S., 25, 43; description of, 146, 
149; examination questions on, 161- 
162; external form of, 23-27; kinds 
of, 24-27; length of, 23; modified s., 
273 morphology of, 7, 21-41, 46, 52, 99; 
overground s. (see Aerial s.) ; parasitic 
S., 23; Physiology of, 8, 20, 41-45, 67, 
71, III; primary s., 13, 21; structure 
of, 29-41, 64, 66, 159; surface of, 28 5 
secondary s., 21 (see Branch); subter- 
ranean 8., 23, 24, 26-27, 43, 64, 1463 
thickness of, 24; underground s. (see 
Subterranean s.); water s., 23; 8. ten- 
dril, 27, 73: 
Stereome, 41, 67. 
Sticky substances, 28, 41, 46, 61, 64, 107, 
LEQ Tiga TLO.LET. LLG, 142 
Stigma, 100, 102, 103, 104, 107, II4, I15, 
116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 127, 
128, 129, 130, 131; description of, 148. 
Stimuli, 11, 19, 73. 
Stinging hairs, 62, 65, 72, 154. 
Stipel, 64. 
Stipule, 53, 63-64, 85, 112, 113 ; description 
of, 147; kinds of, 63-64, 84, 155}; sur- 
Peduncle, 
179 
face of, 64; texture, 64: Ss. spine, 64: 
s. ace, 64. a eae 
Stitchwort, 79, 156. 
Stock, 28, 83, 123, 137, 141, 155. 
Stolon, 25, 43. 
Stoma, -ta, 31, 41, 43, 65, 66, 69, 70, 98, 107. 
Stomach, 4, 71. 
Stone-crop, 66. 
Stone-fruit, 139, 140. 
Storage ; of reserve materials, 18, 24, 25, 26, 
42, 64, 67, 134, 142, 1603 of nectar, rar. 
Straight, 108. 
Strain, 129. 
Strap-shaped, go. 
Straw, 23. 
Strawberry, 25, 43, 59, 85, 103, 122, 123, 
136, 156. 
Streaked, 122, 
Streaming, of protoplasm, 11, 44, 71, 72. 
Striking, of cuttings, 13. 
Structure, 1, 8, 83; of root, 14-17; of stem, 
29-41; of foliage leaf, 64-66; of sepal, 
86; of petal, 91; of stamen, 97-98; of 
pistil, 107-109 ; of seed, 134-135. 
Stumps, 23. 
Style, 100, ror, 102, 103, 106, 107, 114, 117, 
123, 124, 126, 127,157; description of, 148. 
Subclass, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156. 
Subdivision, 151, 152. 
Suberin, 40. 
Submerged, 65, 68. 
Succulent, 62, 146. 
Succulent capsule, 139. 
Succulent fruits, 139, 140, 142. 
Sucker, 23, 25, 43. 
Sugar, 9, 18, 67, 71. 
Sulphates, 10, 160. 
Sulphur, s, ro. 
Sulphuric acid, 159, 160. 
Sulphur showers, 116. 
Summer, 47, 48, ror. 
Sun, 55, 67. 
Sundew, 61, 73. 
Sunflower, 13, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37; 56, 69, 78, 
95, 106, 119, 126, 136, 157. 
Sunlight (see Light), 
Superficial, ros. 
Superior, 85, ror, 117, 135, 136, 151, 152, 153- 
Superposed, 83, 93, 97, 154, 155- 
Support, 17, 24, 25) 41, 44, 45, 66-67, 111. 
Suppression, 78, 103, 109, 151. 
Surface ; of root, 146; of stem, 28, 146; of 
petiole, 54, 147; of lamina, 62, 147; 
of stipule, 64; of scale-leaf, 147; of 
calyx, 86; of corolla, 91; of ovary, 104. 
Suspended, 106. 
Suture (see Ventral suture). 
Sweet-briar, 62. ; 
Sweet-chestnut (see Chestnut). 
Sweet-pea (see Pea). 
Swollen, 85. 
Sycamore, 56, 142. 
Symmetry, 148; bilateral s., 52, 55, 80, 85, 
86, 87, 106; radial s., 52, 55, 66, 80, 81 
86, 87, 106. 
Sympodium, 24, 27, 48, 79, So. 
Synantherous (see Syngenesious). 
Syncarpous, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 107, 117, 
124, 135, 136, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157- 
Syngenesious, 95, 126, 
Synpetalous, 87. 
Synsepalous, 84. 
