4 FLOWERING PLANTS 



enclosed within the calyx. The divisions are termed petals. The jietals are 

 either distinct, as in the Rose or Wall-flower, in which the upper large part 

 of the petal is termed the limb, and the loAver the claw ; or they are united 

 below, like the Primrose, the flat portion of which is called the limb, the 

 lower the tube. The corolla has usually as many petals as there are sepals 

 in the calyx ; and if these are all of the same size and shape, the corolla is 

 termed regular, as in the Briar-rose (50). 



The most common forms of the regular corolla are :— 



Salver-shaped ; as in the Primrose and Phlox (51). 



Funnel-shaped ; as in the Cowslip (52). 



Wheel-shaped ; when the tube is very short and its margin quite flat, as 

 in the Speedwells (53). 



Bell-shaped ; as in the Hare-bell (54). 



Trumpet-shaped ; as in the Honeysuckle (55). 



The irregular one-petalled corolla is in some cases divided into two lobes, 

 one of which overhangs the other. It is then termed labiate or lipped. The 

 Sage, Mint, and Thyme, are common examples of labiate flowers. If the 

 lobes are open, as in the Yellow Dead Nettle (56), the corolla is said to be 

 gaping ; if closed, as in the Toadflax (57), it is termed personate, from 

 persona, a mask. Compound flowers, like the Daisy, Chamomile, etc., have 

 frequently two kinds of florets in one blossom ; those of the disk, or centre, 

 being of a tubular form ; those of the ray, strap-shaped. 



When four petals are placed crosswise, the blossom is termed cruciferous ; 

 as the AVall-flower (58). 



Papilionaceous, or butterfly-shaped blossoms, are those which, like the 

 Pea or Vetch (59), have five irregular petals, the upper one large, and termed 

 the standard ; the two side ones, called the Avings ; and two lower ones, 

 which are often combined, and which are termed the keel. 



All flowers have not both calyx and corolla. The Lily and Tulip ai^e 

 examples of flowers without a green calyx ; the little Pearlwort has no 

 coloured corolla. The word peiianth is used in both cases to express the 

 part of the flower which encloses the stamens and pistils. Some flowers, as 

 the Water Starwort, have neither calyx nor corolla (60). When the perianth 

 is said to be double, it signifies that both corolla and calyx are present. 



The Stamens. The stamens (61) are the small organs which stand 

 around the centre of the perianth. The lower part of the stamen is termed 

 the filament ; the anther is the upper part. When the filament is slender 

 throughout, it is said to be threadlike ; but if thicker at the base and taper- 

 ing at the point, it is termed awl-shaped (62). The anther is most frequently 

 oblong, composed of two lobes and two cells, which contain the fine usually 

 yellow powder called the pollen. Anthers without filaments are said to be 

 sessile. Sometimes the filaments are united into little bundles, as in the 

 St. John's Wort (63) ; sometimes they form a hollow tube, as in the Mallow 

 (64), the anthers remaining separate, and l)eing termed free ; sometimes they 

 are united into a ring, as in the Heath (65). 



The Pistil (66) is the central part of the flower, and is composed of the 

 ovary or germen (a), which contains the rudiments of the future seed ; the 

 style or column {h), and the stigma (c), which is at the summit of the style. 



