NATURAL ARRANGEMENT OF PLANTS 7 



Sub-chl.^S III. COROLLIFLOR^.. 



Flowers with calyx and corolla ; petals united, usually bearing the 

 stamens. In this Sub-class there are twenty-seven British Orders. 



Snb-class IV, Monochlamyde.^j. 

 Perianth single or none, no plant in this Sub-class having both calyx and 

 coi'olla. It contains thirteen British Orders. 



Class XL MONOCOTYLEDONES. 



Seeds with a single cotyledon. It contains two Sub-classes, — Petaloide/e 

 and Glumace.^. 



Sub-class I. Petaloideze. 

 Flowers with coloured perianth. It contains sixteen British Orders. 



Sub-class II. GLUMACE.E. 



Flowers formed of chafiy scales, or glumes. This Sub-class contains the 

 Grasses and Sedges. 



Class III. ACOTYLEDONES. 



Flowerless plants. It consists of the Ferns, Mosses, Liverworts, Lichens, 

 Sea-weeds, and Fungi. 



Class L DICOTYLEDONOUS OR EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 



The plants of this most extensive Class of the Vegetable Kingdom are 

 termed Dicotyledonous, because their seeds are formed of two or more 

 cotyledons, or lobes ; and Exogenous, because the stems of the plants 

 increase by new layers on the outside of the pith, or central fibre, though 

 within the bark. Dicotyledonous plants have a distinct deposition of pith, 

 cellular tissue, spiral vessels, wood, and bark, which in Monocotyledonous 

 plants are all confounded. In shrubs and trees of the former class, the wood 

 is arranged in concentric layers, the hardest part being near the pith ; they 

 are also branched, as the Oak and Elm, and not simple, like the Palm, which 

 is a Monocotyledonous tree. The leaves are veined in a network, and are 

 distinctly articulated with the stem. The flowers are furnished with stamens 

 and pistils, and their parts are usually arranged in the number of five or four, 

 or of some multiple of five or four. 



Sub-class 1. Thalamiflor^. 



Flowers furnished with calyx and corolla ; petals distinct, inserted into 

 the receptacle, or thalamus ; stamens springing from below the base of the 

 ovary. 



Natural Order I. RANUNCULACEyE— THE CROWFOOT 



TRIBE. 



Calyx of mostly five or six pieces or sejmls, frequently irregular, as are 

 sometimes the petals, which are generally five or more in number, but occa- 

 sionally wanting ; stamens usually numerous, inserted on the receptacle ; 

 ovaries xxsually many ; fruit consisting of one or many-seeded carpels ; in 



