CRUCIFEROUS TRIBE 77 



plant was called Dame's Gillyflower. Queen's Gillyflower was another of its 

 old names. It was also termed Damask Violet. 



29. Radish {Bdphanus). 



1. Wild Radish (E. raphanistrum). — Leaves lyrate, and stalked ; pods 

 jointed, 1 -celled. Plant annual. This Wild Radish is often called Jointed 

 Chai'lock, and has much of the general aspect of the wild mustard, though 

 it is readily distinguished by its jointed pods, and pale straw-coloured flowers, 

 veined with purple. These blossoms may be found throughout the summer, 

 and are often white, but occasionally tinged with red. It is a rough plant, 

 growing in corn-fields and by road-sides. Its roots have the odour of those 

 of the Garden Radish, but are more pungent ; and they are said to be 

 preferable to horse-radish for the table, but when qiiite young are milder. 

 The leaves were formerly much valued as a pot-herb. This Radish grows 

 in cultivated lands throughout Europe, and in wet seasons a great quantity 

 of the plant is found in the barley-fields of Sweden. Its seeds become 

 mingled with the grain, and when ground with the corn and made into 

 barley-bread, they were supposed by Linnseus to be the cause of a violent 

 and dangerous spasmodic disease, called Raphania, which is an occasional 

 epidemic of Sweden. The plant, however, abounds in our English fields, 

 and in some of the cold moist valleys of Dauphiny is one of the most frequent 

 weeds, yet in neither country is this disease experienced. Professor Burnett 

 thinks that the injurious effect of the plant in some circumstances may be 

 owing to a morbid condition of the seeds, or to the growth of noxious fungi 

 upon them, rather than to anything unwholesome in the seeds themselves ; 

 and this would account for the fact that Raphania is an occasional, and not 

 an annual disease ; l:>ut many writers think that the malady is altogether 

 unconnected with the plant. 



The Garden Radish, that common salad root, is the llaphamis satiims. It 

 has several varieties, as the Turnip, Spanish, and other well-known Radishes. 

 The Tree-Radish, Baphamis caudatus, is remarkable for the length of its pod, 

 which is greater than the whole height of the plant. The young leaves of 

 most of the species are eaten as salads in the lands in which they grow. The 

 Radish is called lladis by the French, Der llettig by the Germans ; it is the 

 Tamme Iladys of the Dutch, and the Bafano of the Italians. 



2. Sea Radish {B. maritimus). — Leaves interruptedly lyrate ; pod 

 jointed, marked with lines, and larger than the preceding. Plant biennial. 

 This plant, which grows on sea-clifFs, and bears its yellow flowers in June, is 

 very similar to the last species. It is by many writers regarded as a variety 

 only, its chief points of difference being its larger pods, and the form of its 

 leaves, which are composed of small and large leaflets, arranged alternately. 

 It has been found on many parts of the coast, especially on the South and 

 West. 



Order VII. RESEDACE^— ROCKET TRIBE. 



Calyx often irregular, divided into from 4 to 7 segments ; petals unequal, 

 jagged at the back ; stamens, as well as the petals, inserted on an irregular 



