252 EOSACE^ 



serrated, and downy, without glands ; sepals slightly pinnate. Plant perennial. 

 This is very nearly allied to the common Dog-rose, and is perhaps but a 

 variety of it, though its general appearance more resembles that of Rosa 

 tomentosa. It is found in the north of England, and is in flower in June 

 and July. 



17. Trailing Dog-rose {Pi. arvSnsis). — Prickles on the young shoots 

 feeble ; leaves smooth, their disk without glands ; calyx slightly pinnate, not 

 remaining on the fruit ; styles united ; stigmas forming a round knob. Plant 

 perennial. This Rose may be known from all other native species by its 

 slender trailing stems. The flowers, which are expanded from June to 

 Aiigust, are white, growing mostly solitary, but sometimes two or three 

 together. Though pretty, they have no odour. The shrub has fewer 

 prickles than most of our wild Roses ; it is common in woods and hedges in 

 the south of England, but is rare in the north. It is sometimes called 

 White Dog-rose, and is often, when in the garden, termed the Ayrshire 

 Rose. It is generally fancied to be the rebel Rose, worn during the contests 

 of the Houses of York and Lancaster. Gerarde speaks of a double white 

 Rose which formerly grew Avild in the hedges of Lancashire, but this was 

 probably a garden variety, Avhich was common then, but which never became 

 naturalized. 



A plant, called the Bracteated Dog-rose {Rosa bradSscens), found at 

 Ulverston in Lancashire, and at Ambleside in Westmoreland, is remarkable 

 for hairy bracts, which overtop its globose fruit. It is by most writers 

 considered to be a variety of Rosa arvdnsis ; its leaflets are serrated, and 

 downy beneath, and its pink flowers expand in June and July. 



18. Close-styled Dog-rose {R. systyla). — Prickles hooked; leaves 

 serrated, and pale green beneath, their disk without glands ; sepals sparingly 

 pinnate, not remaining on the fruit ; styles united in a column ; stigmas 

 forming a round head. Plant perennial. The shoots of this rose are nearly 

 erect, and sometimes attain the height of ten or twelve feet. It is found in 

 hedges and thickets in various counties of England, and more rarely in 

 Scotland and Ireland. Its white flowers expand in June and July. It is 

 probably a variety of R. arvdnsis. 



15. Pear, Apple, Service, and Mountain Ash {Pyrus). 



1. Wild Pear {P. communis). — Leaves egg-shaped, serrated ; flowers in 

 corymbs; fruit tapei'ing at the base. Plant perennial. The large clusters 

 of snowy Avhite flowers of the Pear-tree are very ornamental to woods during 

 April and May, and although this tree can hardly be said to be common 

 there, yet it is found more or less in the wooded districts from Yorkshire 

 southward. The fruits are so hard and harsh that even the schoolboy leaves 

 them for the birds, and few would suspect them to be the original stock of 

 the juicy and delicious Pears which we welcome to our table in autumn and 

 winter. The tree is tall and erect, and though when cultivated the branches 

 are thornless, yet they are not always so in the wild state. The wood is 

 sometimes dyed black to resemble ebony, and is cut into bracelets. Wood- 

 engravers formerly made their blocks of it, but it is far inferior to the box 



