characejE. 207 



p. 355; Schweiz. Char. p. 17; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 5 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. 



Schles. Vol. I. p. 407 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 171. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. 



Par. ed. i. p. 679 ; and Atlas, pi. 38 f. b, 1-2 ; ed. ii. p. 888 ; and Atlas, pi. 42, 



f. b, 1-2. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 524 ; and 



Tah. Phyc. Vol. VII., pp. 26, 27, t. 65 to 67, f. i. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 17, 



t. ii. f. xiv. Babing. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 89 ; and Man. ed. 8, 



p. 471. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 308. Wahlst. Bidr. 



Skand. Char. p. 25 ; and Monog Sver. Norg. Char. p. 28. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. 



Belg. Vol. II. p. 125. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 186. K & J. 



Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 131, t. 208, f. 7. Miiller in Bull. Bot. Geneve, 1881, 



p. 83. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 80. 

 C. spinosa, Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Euss. Eeich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 15. 



Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 47. 

 C. equisetina, Kiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 7<>6 ; Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. 



p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 525 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 27, t. 68, f. i. ; Wallm. in 



Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 319. 

 C. horrida, Wallm. (under C. baltica var. fastigiata) in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 



1854, p. 314. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 



172. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 24 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 30. 



Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 49. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 84. 

 C. acicularis, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 315 ? 

 C. rudis, A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 



408 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 173. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. 



p. 185. Wahlst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 29. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 83. 

 C. subspinosa, Bupr. Symbols, p. 225. 



Encrusted. Spine-bearing primary cortical cells less prominent 

 than the spineless secondary cortical cells. Spine-cells few or 

 numerous. 



[Var. /3. baltica. Hartmann. 

 Plate 1917. 



Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 44, 96, 114. 



Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 35, a, b, c, and d, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 103, 



104, 105a and b. 

 Chara hispida, var. baltica, " Hartm. Skand. Fl. ed. i. p. 377," Wahlenberg, Fl. Suec. 



ed. 1, p. 693. 

 C. baltica, "Fries in Aspegren's Blekings Fl. p. 65." Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 127. Bruzel, 



Obs. Char. pp. 11 and 19. A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 



354 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 156. Kiitz. Phyc. 



Germ. p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 524 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t. 63, f. ii. Wallm. 



in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 313. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 



16 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 34. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, 



p. 49. Hornemann, Fl. Danica, t. 2311. Babing. Man. ed. 8, p. 472. Sydow, 



Europ. Char. p. 64. 

 C. firma, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxviii. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t. 64, 



f. i. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 50. 



