220 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



use more precise terms broadly or narrowly is employed to qualify 

 them. Figures intermediate between two forms are called by the 

 two terms answering to the forms, joined by a hyphen, the latter 

 term being that to which the figure under consideration most nearly 

 approaches. Thus oval-obovate denotes a figure which is nearer 

 obovate than oval, and obovate-oval one which is more nearly oval 

 than obovate. In every case these terms are used without reference 

 to the shape of the base and apex, which is defined by terms in general 

 use, such as acute, obtuse, cordate, obcordate, or to the nature of the 

 margins, which is indicated by the generally received terms entire, 

 serrate, crenate, toothed, etc. The word cut or incised is applied to the 

 form of the margin when the general outline of the figure appears to 

 have incisions made into it. The word lobed is used where there are 

 protuberances extending beyond the general outline of the figure. 



Terms applied to the G-eneral Figure op Solids. 



Ovoid. — A solid whose transverse section is a circle, and its longi- 

 tudinal section a figure longer than broad with curved sides. When 

 it is necessary to define the shape more minutely, the figure of the 

 plane found in the longitudinal section is prefixed to ovoid. Thus 

 ovate-ovoid is a body whose longitudinal section gives an ovate figure. 



Oblong-ovoid. — A solid of which the longitudinal section is oblong- 

 oval or oblong-elliptical. 



Cylindrical. — A solid of which the cross section is a circle and of 

 which the longitudinal section is rectangular ; the shape is defined by 

 prefixing oblong, strapshaped or linear. 



Fusiform. — A solid of which the transverse section is a circle, and 

 its longitudinal section a straps haped-elliptical or linear-elliptical 

 figure. 



Clavate. — A solid whose transverse section is a circle, and longi- 

 tudinal section is a strapshaped - oblanceolate or linear - oblanceolate 

 figure. 



Use op Mark of Interrogation in the Body op the Work. 



When a ? is placed before the word " subspecies " it implies that 

 perhaps the plant ought to be treated as a species, and when before 

 " var." the variety is perhaps a subspecies ; but if the ? is placed after 

 the words " species," " subspecies," [or " variety "], it denotes that 

 the first should perhaps be considered a subspecies, the second a 

 variety, [and the last as being probably a mere form or condition]. 



