180 



ORGANOGRAPHY. 



nary leaves of the plant upon wliich they are placed, as in 

 the White Dead-nettle {Lamium album) {fig. 367); and in the 



Fig. 367. 



Fig. 367. Flowering stalk of the White Dead-nettle (^Lamium album). 



Pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis) {fig. 368); in which case they 

 are called leafy bracts. Such bracts can only be distinguished 

 from the true leaves by their position with regard to the flower- 

 stalk or flower. In most cases, however, bracts may be known 

 from the ordinary leaves not only by their position, but also by 

 differences of colour, outline, and other peculiarities. Sometimes 

 when the bracts are situated in a whorl immediately below the 

 calyx or oviter covering of the flower, it is difficult to determine 

 whether they should be considered as a part of the calyx or as 

 true bracts ; thus in most flowers of the Mallow order {fig. 369), 

 and many of the Pink {fig. 458) and Kose orders {fig. 370), we 

 have a circle of leafy organs placed just below the calyx, to 

 which the term of epicalyx has been given by many botanists, 

 but which properly comes under the denomination of involucre 

 182). 



Almost all inflorescences are furnished with bracts of some 

 kind or other ; it frequently happens, however, that some of the 

 bracts do not develop axillary flower-buds, just in the same 

 manner as it occasionally happens that the leaves do not produce 



