216 



OEGANOGRAPHY. 



Fig. 437. 



Fig. 438. 



Fig. 437. Vertical section of the flower of the Rose, r, r. Concave thala- 

 mus, upon which are placed several carpels, o, o, each of which is fur- 

 nished with a style and stigma, s. e, e. Stamens, ct. Tube of the calyx. 



r/, cf. Free portions of the calyx divided at their margins. Fig. 438. 



Calyx of Rumex uncatus, after jussieu. ce. Outer divisions of the calyx, 

 which are entire, ci. Inner divisions with hooked teeth at their mar- 

 gins, g. Swelling on one of the inner divisions. 



the calyx is commonly called monoscpalous or monofhyllous ; but 

 these ai'e incorrect terms, as they indicate literally one sepal, or 

 one leaf, and hence many botanists use instead the more correct 

 terms of ganioscpalous or gamophyllous calyx, as these simply 

 imply that the sepals or leaves are united. The terms poly- 

 sepalous and monosepalous, from being in more general use, will 

 be commonly emploj^ed in this volume. 



1. POLYSEPALOUS OR DlAlYSEPALOUS CaLYX. A polySepaloUS 



calyx may consist of two or more parts, the number being in- 

 dicated by the prefix of Greek numerals; as discpcdous for a 

 calyx composed of two distinct sepals, trisepalous for one with 

 three, tetrasepalous if it have four, pentascpalous if five, hcxa- 

 sepalo2(s if six, heptascpalous if seven, and so on. 



A polysepalous calyx is called regular if it consist of sepals of 

 equal size and like form arranged in a symmetrical manner, as 

 in the Buttercup (Bamincuhis) (Jig. 406), and Strawberry (fig. 

 439); and it is said to he irregidar when these conditions are 

 not complied with, as in the Monkshood {Aconitum) {fig. 440). 



2. Monosepalous or Gamosepalous Calyx. — When the 

 sepals are united so as to form a monosepalous calyx, various 

 terms are used to indicate the varying degrees of union. Thus, 

 the union may only take place near the base, as in the Pimpernel 

 {AnagaUis) (fig. 441), when the calyx is said to he jjartite; or it 

 n)ay take place to about the middle, as in the Centaury (Ery- 

 thrcea) {fig. 442), when it is deft or fissured; or the sepals may 

 be united almost to the top, as in the Campion (Lychnis') 

 (fig. 443), when it is toothed; or if the union is quite com- 

 plete, it is said to be entire. The number of partitions, 



