232 



OfiGANOGEAPHY. 



it is almost alwaj's more fugitive than it. It is caducous if it 

 falls as the flower opens, as in the Grrape-vine ; commonly it is 



Fig. 484r. 



Fig. 485. 



Fig. 484. A petal of a si>ecies of Lychnis, o. Claw. I. Limb. a. Scaly ap- 

 pendages. Fig. 485. Flower of Daffodil {Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus). 



The cup or bell-shaped part towards the centre is termed a corona. 



deciduous, or falls off soon after the opening of the flower. In 

 rare instances it is persistent, in which case it usually becomes 

 dry and shrivelled, as in Heaths and the species of Campanulay 

 when it is said to be marcesccnt. 



Section 4. — The Essential Okgans of Eepeodtjction. 



The essential organs of reproduction are the aadrcecium and 

 gyncecium, and these form together the two inner whorls of the 

 flower. They are called essential organs because the action of 

 both is necessary for the production of perfect seed. 



Flowers which possess both these organs are called herma- 

 phrodite or hiscx%ial {fig. 420) ; when only one is present, they are 

 uoiisexual or diclinous, as in the species of Carcx {fig. 486), and 

 those of Salix {figs. 389 and 390). The flower is also then further 

 described as staminate or staminiferous {figs. 390 and 486) when 

 it contains only a stamen or stamens, and earpellary, pistillate, 

 or pistilliferous when it has only a carpel or carpels {fig. 389). 

 When a flower possesses neither andrcecium nor gyncecium, as 

 is sometimes the case with the outer florets of the capitula 

 of the Compositee, it is said to be iieuter. When the flowers 



