ORGANS OF EEPBODUCTION. 



241 



forded by such differences are important in practical botany. 

 There are three modes of attachment which are distinguished by 

 special names. Thus : 1st, the anther is said to be adnate, 

 when its back is attached throughout its whole length to the fila- 

 ment or to its continuation called the connective, as in the 

 Mac^nolia {fig. 511), and Water-Lily {fig. 507) ; 2nd, it is innate, 

 when the filament is only attached to its base and firmly adherent, 

 as in the species of Cflr<?a- (/^. 486); and 3rd, it is versatile, 

 when the filament is only attached by a point to the back of the 

 connective, so that the anther swings upon it, as in Grasses 

 generally [fig. 488), in the Lily, Evening Primrose, and Meadow 

 Saffron. 



Fig. 507. ^^9- ^^8. 



Fig. 507. A portion of the flower of the White Water-Lily (Nymphrea alba) 

 coiisistinsr of a Rynoeciuiii invested by a large fleshy disk iirolonK'-'d 

 from the thalamus l)elow it. The pistil is surrounded by some stamens 

 ■whirl) have peraloid ftlameiits and adnate anthers, and by t^'o petals. 



Fig. 508. Gyiicecium and androecium of the Tulip. The stamens ei 



and ee have iutrorse anthers. 



Connective. — The relations of the anther to the filament, as 

 well as its lobes to each other, are much influenced by the ap- 

 pearance and size of the connective. Thus in all adnate anthers the 

 connective is large, and the lobes generally more or less parallel 

 to each other throughout their whole length {fig. 511). In other 

 cases the connective is very small, or altogether wanting, as in 

 species of Eupkorhia {fig. 509), so that the lobes of the anther are 

 then immediately in contact at their base. In the Lime the con- 

 nective completely separates the two lobes of the anther {fig. 510). 

 In the Sage {fig. 503) and other species of Salvia, the connective 

 forms a long stalk-like body placed horizontally on the top of 

 the filament, one end of which bears an anther lobe, / /, con- 

 taining pollen, the other merely a petaloid plate or abortive an- 

 ther lobe. Is; it is then said to be distractile. Sometimes the 

 connective is prolonged beyond the lobes of the anther ; either 

 as a little rounded or tapering expansion, as in the Magnolia 

 {fig. 511), or as a long feathery process, as in the Oleander 



