OEGAXS OF REPEODrCTICiX. 293 



the ovary, the relation of parts must necessarily differ, and 

 probably somewhat vary according to circumstances : thus in 

 the Apple, which we may take as an illustration of an inferior 

 fruit, the epicarp corresponds to the epidermis of the under 

 surface of the calyx ; the mesocarp to the rest of the calyx, and 

 the whole of the ovary except the inner lining, which corre- 

 sponds to the endocarp. The parenchyma of the fruit, like 

 that of the ovary and the lamina of a leaf, is traversed by fibro- 

 vascvdar bundles. 



In some cases the pericarp clearly indicates its analogy to the 

 lamina of a leaf, by remaining in a condition not very dissimilar 

 to that organ folded 



inwards and united Fig. 648. 



by its margins, as in ^i^T^~'*s^»*T»,=;,,^ — 



the Bladder Senna ^^-J^'^^^**'^^//^'^^ r"^^ 



{Colutea arhoreS' ^\^ ' ^"^""^^^"^^^^s,,^^-:^? 

 cr/?s)(y/^.648); such ^^^ • ] ! ^ ^^\ 



a fruit is described as ^^*^^^j:^^^S^^^ ^ 



foliaceous or leafy. ^*«s==s^^^ 



'A^^nprnllv <;npaki'n'cr -F'ffi'. 648. Foliaceous bladderj' legume of the Bladder 

 U-eneiau;> speaKiUj^, g^^^^^^ {Colutea arborescens). 

 however, one or more 



of the layers of the pericarp become more developed, by which 

 its resemblance to the lamina of a leaf is rendered much less 

 evident. The epicarp generally retains an epidermal appearance, 

 suffering but little change, except in becoming slightly thickened. 

 The endocarp is more liable to alteration, and frequently differs 

 much in appearance from the corresponding part of the lamina 

 of a leaf or ovary ; thus its cells sometimes become hardened 

 by secondary deposits, and form a stony shell surrounding the 

 seed, called the futamen, as already noticed. The mesocarp is 

 however the layer which commonly presents the greatest develop- 

 ment, and differs most in appearance and texture from the 

 general parenehjTna of the lamina of a leaf. 



The above remarks will be rendered more intelligible by being 

 illustrated by a few examples taken from well-known fruits. 

 Thus in the Peach, Apricot, Cherry, Plum, &c., the separable skin 

 is the epicarp ; the pulpy part, which is eaten, the mesocarp or 

 sarcocarp ; and the stone enclosing the seed, the endocarp or pu- 

 tamen. In the Almond, the seed is enveloped by a thin woody 

 shell, constituting the endocarp, which is itself surrounded 

 by a thin green layer, formed of mesocarp and epicai-p. In the 

 Apple and Pear, the skin is the epicarp ; the fleshy part, which 

 is eaten, the mesocarp or sarcocarp ; and the core containing 

 the seeds, the endocarp. A similar disposition of parts occurs in 

 the jMedlar, except that here the core becomes of a stony uaturo. 

 In the Date, the outer brownish skin is the epicarp ; the thin 

 papery-like layer enclosing the seed is the endocarp ; and the 

 intermediate pulpy part is the mesocarp or sarcocarp. In the 

 Walnut, the woody shell enveloping the seed, which is com- 



