ORGANS OF EEPEOIJUCTION. 



Fig. 689. Fig. 690. 



309 



Gemmule or plumule, r. Radicle.- 

 Maple. 



Fig. 688. Caryopsis or fruit of the 



Oat. Fig. 689. Tlie same cut 



vertically, o. Pericarp. <. Testa 

 or integuments of tbe seed. 

 a. Albumen, c. Cotyledon, g. 



—Fig. 690. Samara or fruit of the 



cell being dry, iudehiscent, few-seeded, and having its pericarp 

 extended into a winged expansion. Each cell of the samara is 

 in fact an acheenium with a winged margin. Examples may be 

 found in the Maple {fig. 690), Ash. and Elm. By some bota- 

 nists each winged portion of such a fruit is called a samara, 

 and thus the fruit of the Maple, &c., is considered to be formed 

 of two united samara. 



3. TJie Career ale is a superior, many-celled fruit, each cell 

 being dry, indehiscent, and one or few-seeded, and all more or 

 less cohering by their united styles to a cen- 

 tral axis. The common Mallow {fig. 691) 

 is a good example of this fruit. Each cell 

 of the carcerule does not differ essentially 

 from an achtenium, which is also the case, 

 as just noticed, with those of the samara, 

 and hence the latter fruit may be regaKled 

 as but a winged modification of the carcerule. 



4. The Amphisarca is a " superior, many- 

 celled, indehiscent, many-seeded fruit, indu- 

 rated or woody externally, pulpy internally." -f*^ 

 Examples, Omphalocarjpus, Adansonia, CreS' 

 centia. 



b. WITH A DRY DEHISCENT PEEICAEP. 



1. The Capside is a superior, one or more celled, many-seeded, 

 dry, dehiscent fruit. The dehiscence may either take place by 

 valves, as in Colchicum {fig. 655), and Datura {fig. 665); or by 

 pores, as in the Poppy (.%. 426) and Antirrhinum {fig. 612) ; or 

 transversely, as in the Pimpernel {fig. 693), and Henbane {fig. 



Carcerule or 

 fruit of the Mallow 

 (Malva). 



