312 OEGANOGKAPHY. 



the inner angle of each of the portions into which the fruit is 

 divided. By some botanists the orange is considered as a herry 

 with a leathery rind, but the latter is essentially diiferent in its 

 origin, as it is an inferior fruit. The fruit of the Orange, Lemon, 

 Lime, Shaddock, &c., are examples of the hesperidium. It is 

 by no means uncommon to find the carpels composing the fruit 

 of the Qrange, &c., in a more or less separated state {jig. 699), 

 and we have then produced what are called ' horned oranges,' 

 ' fingered citrons,' &c., and the fruit becomes somewhat apocar- 

 pous, instead of altogether syncarpous. 



Fig. 699. 



Fic). 698. Transverse section of the fruit of tlie Orange {Citrus Anran- 



tium). p. Epicarp. e. Mesocani. d. Endocarp. s, s. Seeds. Fig. 099. 



Monstrous development of the fruit of the Orange, in which the car- 

 pels, ce, and ci, are more or less distiuct instead of being united. 

 From Balfour. 



2. The Tryma is a superior, one-celled, one-seeded, indehiscent 

 fruit, having a separable fleshy or leathery rind, consisting of 

 epicarp and mesocarp, and a hard two-valved endocarp, from the 

 inner lining of which spurious dissepiments extend so as to divide 

 the seed into deep lobes. It differs but little from the ordinary 

 drupe, except in being formed from an originally compound 

 ovary. Example, the Walnut. 



3. The ^uculanium. This fruit, of which the Grape {fig. 703) 

 may be taken as an example, does not differ in any important 

 characters from the berry, except in being superior. (See Berry.) 

 This name is sometimes applied to a kind of pome, where the 

 cells become hard and stony, as in the Medlar. 



Division 2. Inferior Syncarpous Fruits. 



a. WITH A DRY INDEHISCENT PERICARP. 



1. The Cremocarp is an inferior, dry, indehiscent, two-celled, 

 two-seeded fruit. The two cells or halves of which this fruit is 

 composed are joined face to face to a common axis or carpophore, 

 from which they separate when ripe, but to which they always 

 remain attached by a slender cord which suspends them {fig. 

 700). Each half-fruit is termed a hemicarp or mericarp, and the 

 inner face the commissure. Each portion of the fruit resembles 



