OEGANS OF BEPEODUCTIOK. 



313 



Fig. 700. 



the achsenium, except in being inferior ; hence the name di- 



achcsniuM has been given to this fruit. Examples of the cremo- 



carp as above defined are found universally 



in the plants of the order Umbelliferse. 



By Lindley, the definition of cremocarp 



is extended so as to include fruits of a 



similar nature, but which contain more 



than two cells, as, for instance, those of 



Aralia. 



2. The Cypsda. — This differs in no- 

 thing essential from the ach^enium, except 

 in being inferior and of a compound 

 nature. It occurs in all plants of the 

 order Compositse. When the calyx is 

 pappose it remains attached to the fruit, 

 as in Salsafy and Dandelion. 



3. The Glans or ]>!ut is an inferior, dry, 

 hard, indehiscent, one-celled, one or two- 

 seeded fruit, produced from an ovary of two or more cells, with 

 one or more ovules in each cell, all of which become abortive in 

 the progress of growth except one or two. The three layers 

 constituting the pericarp of the nut are firmly coherent and 

 undistinguishable, and the whole is more or less enclosed by 

 that kind of involucre called a cupule. The Acorn {fig. 37^), 

 and the Hazel-nut {fig. 375), may be taken as examples. By 

 some botanists the fruit of the Cocoa-nut Palm is called a nut, 

 but this differs in being superior, and in its pericarp presenting 

 a distinction into epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. Such a fruit 

 is better described as nut-like. 



Fig. 700. Cremocarp, 

 fruit of Angelica. 



h. ^VITH A DET DEHISCE^'T PEEICARP. 



1. Diplotegia. — This is the only kind of inferior fruit which 

 presents a dry dehiscent pericarp. It has already been stated 

 under the head of Capsule, that the diplotegia differs in nothing 

 from it, except in being inferior. The species of Iris {fig. 696) 

 and Campanula {figs. 673 and 674) are examples of this fruit. 

 The diplotegia may open either by pores {fig. 674), or valves {fig. 

 696), like the ordinary capsule. 



C. "WITH A FLESHY INDEHISCENT PERICAEP. 



1. The Bacca or Berry is an inferior, indehiscent, one or more 

 celled, many-seeded, pulpy fruit {figs. 701 and 702). The pulp 

 is formed from the placentas, which are parietal {fig. 701, pi), 

 and have the seeds, s, at first attached to them ; but these be- 

 come ultimately separated and lie loose in the pulp p. Examples 

 may be found in the Gooseberry and Currant. We have already 

 stated, that the fruit of the Grape is called a Nuculanium {fig. 

 703), and that it differs in nothing essential from the berry, 



