314 ORGANOGRAPHY. 



Fig. 701. Fig. 702. 



Fig. 703. 



Fig. 701. Transverse section of a berry of the Gooseberry (Ribes Grossu' 

 laria). pi. Placentas, s. Seeds Imbedded lu pulp, p. Fh>. 702. Clus- 

 ters of berries of the Red Currant {Ribes rubrum). Fig. 703. Nucula- 



niura or fruit of the Vine {Vitis vinifera). 



except in being superior. The name baccate or berried is ap- 

 plied by many botanists to any fruit of a pulpy nature. 



2. The Pepo is an inferior, one-celled, or spuriously three- 

 celled, many-seeded, fleshy or pulpy fruit {fg. 704). The seeds 

 are attached to parietal placentas, and are imbedded in pulp, 

 but they never become loose as is the 

 ease in the berry; and hence this 

 fruit is readily distinguished from it. 

 There has been mucla discussion with 

 regard to the nature of the pepo. By 

 some botanists the placentas are con- 

 sidered as axile, and the fruit normally 

 three-celled, as it is formed of three 

 ovaries or carpels ; while by others the 

 placentas are regarded as parietal, 

 and the fruit normally one-celled, as 

 defined above. Those who adopt the 

 first view believe that each placenta 

 sends outwards a process towards the 

 Fig. 704. Transverse section walls of the fruit, and that these pro- 

 of the fruit or pepo of the cesses ultimately reach the walls and 

 ?^ p'rocesse's proceeding from then become bent inwards and bear 

 tiie centre towards the cir- the seeds on the curved portions ; if 

 cumference.t, and terminated ., • i-u j- -t •„ 



by curved placentas, pi, pz.pi, these processes remain, the Iruit is 



pi, pi, pi. three-celled, if, on the contrary, they 



become absorbed, it is only one-celled, and the placentas are 

 spuriously parietal. According to the view here adopted, the 

 placentas which are parietal, send processes inwards which 

 meet in the centre, and thus render the fruit spuriously three- 

 celled ; or, if these are afterwards obliterated, or imperfectly 



