0EGAX8 OF EEPEODUCTION. 



317 



to the class of Collective fruits at all, as it is formed of but a 

 single flower. "We have placed it here following Dr. Lindley's 

 arrangement, and because, like the two preceding fruits, its 

 essential character consists in its naked seed. Some other fruits 

 are, however, included by Lindley and others under the name of 

 Sphalerocarpium. 



The Cone must be carefully distinguished from Cone-like 

 fruits, such as the Magnolia {fig. 653) and Liriodendron {fig. 

 590). The latter are not collective fruits at all, but they consist 

 of the aggregated ovaries or carpels of a single flower, placed 

 upon an elongated thalamus. 



3. The Strohilus or Strobile. — The fruit of the Hop {Himuliis 

 Lupulus) {fig. 395) is by some botanists considered as a kind of 

 Cone with membranous scales, to which the name of Strobilus or 

 Strobile has been given ; but this fruit differs essentially from 

 the cone, in having its seed distinctly enclosed in an ovary- 

 placed at the base of each scale. We distinguish this fruit, 

 therefore, as a distinct kind, under the above name. It should 

 be also noticed that the term Strobilus is frequently employed 

 as synonymous with Cone. 



4. The Sorosis is a collective fruit, formed of a number of 

 separate flowers firmly coherent into a fleshy or pulpy mass with 

 the floral axis upon which they are situated. Examples of this 

 may be seen in the Pine-apple {fig. 266), where each square por- 

 tion represents a flower ; and 



the whole surmounted by a Fig. 710. Fig. 711. 



crown of empty bracts. The 

 Bread-fruit and Jack-fruit are 

 other examples of the sorosis. 

 The MulbeiTy {fig. 710) may 

 be also cited as another well- 

 known fruit, which presents an 

 example of a sorosis. At first 

 sight, the Mulberry appears to 

 resemble the Easpberry {fig. 

 711), Blackberry, and other 

 fruits derived from the genus 

 Rubus, but in origin and struc- 

 ture the latter are totally dif- 

 ferent. Thus, as already noticed 

 in speaking of the Etserio, the 

 Easpberry and other fruits derived from the same genus, consist 

 of a number of drupes or fleshy acheenia crowded together upon 

 a dry thalamus, and are all the produce of a single flower; but 

 in the Mulberry, on the contrary, each rounded portion of which 

 the fruit is made up is derived from a flower, the calyx of which 

 has become succulent and united to the ovary; the combination 

 of a number of flowers in this case therefore forms the fruit, 

 while in the Easpberry, &c., the fruit is formed by one flower only. 



Fig.no. Sorosis or fruit of the Mul- 

 berry (Morus nigra). Fig. 711. Fruit 



of the Raspberry {Rubus lilwus) called 

 an eteerio. 



