412 



SYSTEMATIC BOTAliY. 



Acotyledones 

 Monocotyledones 



fApetalse 



Monopetalae 



^ J- 



{Stamens hypogynous. 

 Stamens perigynoiis. 

 Stamens epigynous. 

 {Stamens epigynous. 

 Stamens perigynous. 

 Stamens hypogynous. 



Corolla hypogynous. 

 Corolla perigynous. 



Corolla epigynous. 



Class 

 1. 

 2. 

 3. 

 4. 

 5. 

 6. 

 7. 



Acotyledones. 



Monohypogynse. 



Monoperigynse. 



Monoepigynse. 



Epistaminese. 



Peristaminese. 



Hypostaminese. 



8. Hypocorollse. 



9. Pericorollfe. 



10. Epicorollse Syn- 



antherge (an- 

 thers coherent). 



11. Epicorollse Co- 



risantherse (an- 

 thers distinct). 



12. Epipetalse. 



13. Hypopetalse. 



14. Peripetalse. 



15. Diclines. 



{Petals epigynous. 

 Petals hypogynous. 

 Petals perigynous. 

 i^Diclines irregulares 

 Under these fifteen classes he arranged 100 natural orders or 

 families. Jussieu's was the first natural arrangement in which 

 an attempt was made to assign characters to natural orders, but 

 so admirably were these drawn up that they have formed the 

 basis for all succeeding systematists. Indeed, the limits of a 

 great many of Jussieu's orders are identical with those of the 

 present day. 



De Candolle's Natural System. — The next system of note, 

 after that of Jussieu, was that of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, 

 which was first promulgated in 1813. This system, modified 

 however in some important particulars, is that which is gene- 

 rally in use at the present day, and which, in most of its essential 

 divisions, we shall adopt in this volume. In the first place he 

 divided plants into two great divisions or sub-kingdoms, called 

 Vasculares or Cotyledonefe, and Cellulares or Acotyledoneae, the 

 characters of which are as follows : — 



Division 1. Vasculares, or CoiyhdonecB ; that is, plants possessing 

 both cellular tissue and vessels ; and having an 

 embryo with one or more cotyledons. 



Division 2. Cellulares, or AcotyledonecB ; that is, plants composed 

 of cellular tissue only ; and whose embryo is not 

 furnished with cotyledons. 



The former division was again divided into two classes, called 

 Exogense or Dicotyledonese, and Endogense or Monocotyledonese, 

 the essential characters of which may be thus stated : — 



Class 1. Exogena, or DicotyledonecB ; that is, plants whose vessels 

 are arranged in concentric layers, of which the 



