DE CAXDOLLe's natural SYSTEM. 413 



youngest are the outermost and the softest; and 

 having an embryo with opposite or whorled coty- 

 ledons. 

 Class 2. Endogcnce, or MonocoU/Jedonccs ; that is, plants whose 

 vessels are arranged in bundles, the youngest being 

 in the middle of the trunk ; and having an embrj-o 

 with solitary or alternate cotyledons. 

 These classes were again divided into sub-classes or groups. 

 Thus, under the Dicotyledonese were placed four groups, named 

 Thalamiflorfe, Calyciflorje, Corolliflorae, and Monochlamydese. 

 Under the Monocotyledonefe two groups were placed, called 

 Phanerogamge and Cryptogamse. The latter group, which in- 

 cluded the higher Cryptogamia, was placed under Monocotyle- 

 donese from a mistaken idea that the plants included in it 

 possessed an embryo, of a somewhat analogous character to that 

 of monocotyledonous plants. The Acotyledoneae were also 

 divided into two groups, called Foliosse and Aphyllse. 

 The following is a tabular \iew of De Candolle's system. 



Sub-kingdom 1. Vasculares, or Cotti-edontls;. 

 Class 1. ExogencB, or BicotyledonecB. 



{Petals distinct, inserted with 

 the stamens on the tha- 

 lamus. 

 {Petals distinct, or more or 

 less united, and inserted 

 on the calyx. 

 Q n^^^ma^^^ /Petals united, and inserted 



•' (^ on the thalamus. 



4. MonocMamydecB. |^^7i^« ""^^^ \ '^"^^^ <^^'^" 

 ^ \^ otiiorai envelopes, or none. 



Class 2. EndogencB, or Monocotyledonea. 



Sub-class 1. PhanerogamcB. | Fructification visible, regu- 



2. CTyptogam<B. /Fructification hidden, un- 



^^ ^ \^ known, or irregular. 



Sub-kingdom 2. Cellulares, or Acottledoxe.t;. 



Sub-class 1. FolioscB. / Having leaf-like expansions, 



l_ and known sexes. 

 2. AphyllcB. (Haying no leaf-like expan- 



^ ^ |_ sions, and no known sexes. 



Under these sub-classes he arranged 161 Natural Orders. 

 The enumeration of these is unnecessary in an elementary 

 volume ; we shall content ourselves with mentioning a few only, 

 as examples of the different groups. Thus, as examples ot 

 ThalamiJiorcB — Cruciferse, Caryophyllese, and Xalvace«; of Caly- 

 ciflorcB — Rosacese, Umbelliferse, and Compositae ; of CorolliflorcB 



