466 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



Valeria indica. — This plant yields an oleo-resinous substance, which is 

 known in India under the name of White Danamar, or Piney Resin. It is 

 used as a varnish, and for making candles. The substance called Pinej' 

 Tallow, or Vegetable Butter of Canara, is a concrete oil obtained from the 

 fruit of this plant. It has been employed in India as a local application in 

 rheumatism, &c., and some has been lately imported into this country. 



Vatica Tumbugaia is said to yield a portion of the Black Dammar of India 

 (see Canarium). 



Natural Order 33. Chl^enaceje. — The Sarcolsena Order. — 

 Character. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, alternate, with 

 large deciduous convolute stipules. Flowers regular, unsymme- 

 trical, furnished with an involucre ; the involucre surrounding 

 1 — 2 flowers, and persistent. Sepals 3, imbricated. Petals 5, 

 convolute, sometimes coherent at the base. Stamens generally 

 very numerous, rarely but 10, monadelphous ; anthers roundish, 

 2-celled. Ovary 3-celled ; style 1 ; stigma trifid. Fruit capsular, 

 3-celled, or rarely 1 -celled ; 'placentas axilo. Seeds solitary or 

 numerous, suspended ; embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen ; 

 cotyledons leafy ; radicle superior. 



Biagnosis. — Keadily distinguished among Thalamifloral Exo- 

 gens by their alternate simple stipidate leaves ; and involucrate 

 flowers, which are regular and unsymmetrical. The calyx is 

 also imbricated, the stamens monadephous, and the seed has 

 abundant albumen. 



Distribution, ^c. — There are but 8 species included in this 

 order, all of which are natives of Madagascar. Examples of 

 the Genera : — Sarcolsena, Leptolfena. 



Frojyerties and Uses. — Altogether unknown. 



Natural Order 34. Ternstr(emiace^ or Camelliacb^. — 

 The Tea or Camellia Order. — Character. — Trees or shrubs. 

 Leaves leathery, alternate, usually exstipulate, and sometimes 

 dotted. Flowers regular, and generally very showy, rarely poly- 

 gamous. Sepals 5 or 7, coriaceous, imbricated, deciduous. 

 Petals 5, 6, or 9, often coherent at the base, imbricated. 

 Stamens hypogynous, numerous, distinct, or united by their 

 filaments into one or several bundles ; anthers 2-celled, versatile 

 or adnate. Ovary superior, many-celled ; styles filiform, 3 — 7. 

 Fruit capsular, 2 — 7-celled ; placentas axile ; dehiscence various. 

 Seeds few, sometimes arillate ; albumen wanting, or in very small 

 quantity ; embryo straight or folded ; cotyledons large and oily ; 

 radicle towards the hilum. 



Diagnosis. — Trees or shrubs, with alternate usually exstipulate 

 leathery leaves. Sepals and petals imbricated in aestivation, and 

 having no tendency to a quaternary arrangement. Stamens 

 numerous, hypogynous ; anthers versatile or adnate. Ovary 

 superior; styles filiform. Seeds solitary or very few, attached 

 to axile placentas ; albumen wanting or in very small quantity. 



Distribution, ^'C. — The plants of this order, which are mostly 

 ornamental trees or shrubs, are chiefly natives of South America, 



