CALYCIFLOR-^. 547 



701, pL). Fruit pulpy {figs. 701 and 702). Seeds numerous; 

 embryo minute, in horny albumen. 



Distribution, cfr. — Natives of the temperate regions of Europe, 

 Asia, and North America. Examples of the Genera : — Eibes, 

 Polyosma, These are the only genera, which include about 100 

 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Some are sho^vy garden plants, as Ribes 

 fuchsio'ides, R. sangiwiei'm, R. aureuni, R. coccineuw, &c., but 

 they are chiefly remarkable for their agreeable acid fruits. Thus 

 Ribes Grossidaria is the Gooseberry; R. rubrum yields both Eed 

 and Wliite Currants, and R. nigrum is the Black Currant. 



Natural Order 104. Escalloniace^. — The Escallonia Order. 

 — Character. — Evergreen shrubs, with alternate exstipulate 

 leaves, and axillary showy flowers. Calyx superior, 5-toothed, 

 imbricated in aestivation. Petals 5, alternate with the divisions 

 of the calyx, perigynous. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, 

 perigynous. Ovary inferior, 2 — 5-celled, crowned by a cone- 

 shaped disk ; placentas ^'£i\.f, s(?/^e simple ; stigma 2 — 5-lobed. 

 Fruit capsular or baccate, crowned by the persistent style and 

 calyx. Seeds very numerous, minute ; embryo minute, in a mass 

 of oily albumen. 



Distribution, ^'c. — They are chiefly natives of the moimtains 

 of South America. Examples of the Genera : — Escallonia, Itea. 

 There are 60 species. 



Properties a?id Uses. — Unknown. 



Natural Order 105. Philadelphace.ie. — The Syringa Order. — 

 Character. — Shrubs. Leaves opposite, deciduous, exstipulate. 

 Calyx superior, persistent, 4 — 10-lobed, with a valvate aestiva- 

 tion. Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx, and 

 alternate with them. Stamens numerous, perigynous. Ovary 

 inferior ; styles united or distinct ; stigmas several. Capsule 

 half-inferior, 4 — 10-celled, placentas a,xile. Seeds numerous, 

 with fleshy albumen. 



Distribution, ^x. — Natives of the South of Europe, North 

 America, Japan, and India. Exaiyiples of the Genera : — Phila- 

 delphus, Deutzia. There are 25 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Of little importance. The leaves of 

 some species of Deittzia, especially those of D. scabra, are 

 covered with beautiful scales, hence, from their roughness, they 

 are used in Japan for polishing purposes. Philadelphus coro- 

 oiarius is commonly cultivated in our shrubberies. It is a native 

 of the south of Eiirope. It is generally known as the Syringa ; 

 or in America, as the Mock Orange, from its flowers somewhat 

 resembling the Orange in appearance and in their poweiful 

 odour. This odour is due to the presence of a volatile oil, 

 which may be readily obtained from them by distillation with 

 water. The leaves of the Syringa have a flavour and odour re- 

 sembling the cucumber. 



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