COROLLIFLOE^. 567 



Triosteum per/oliatum is a mild purgative and emetic. Its roasted seeds 

 have been used as a substitute for coffee. 



Viburnum. — V. Lantana, the Mealy Guelder-rose, or Wayfaring Tree, has 

 a very acrid inner bark. It is sometimes considered as a vesicant. V, Opu- 

 lus, the Guelder-rose, is commonly regarded as emetic and cathartic. V. 

 cassinoides. — The leaves of this plant, mixed with those of Prinos glaber 

 (Aquifoliacece), are employed in N. America as a substitute for Tea, under 

 the name of Appalachian Tea (see Prinos). The black fi-uits of the Hima- 

 laya species are edible and agreeable. 



Natural Order 123. Cinchonacrs; — The Ciuehona Order. — 

 Character. — Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves simple, entire, 

 opposite, with interpetiolar stipules (fy. 356). Inflorescence 

 cymose. Calyx superior, with the limb 4 — 6-toothed, or entire. 

 Corolla monopetalous, regular, tubular, with its lobes correspond- 

 ing in number to the teeth of the calyx. Stamens inserted 

 upon the corolla, and equal in number to its lobes, with which 

 they are alternate. Ovary inferior, crowned by a disk, usually 

 2-celled, or sometimes many-celled ; style 1, sometimes slightly 

 divided ; stigma simple or divided. Fruit inferior, 2-celled, or 

 rarely many-celled, dry or succulent, indehiscent or separating 

 into 2 or more dry cocci. Seeds 1, 2, or more in each cell, when 

 few, they are erect or ascending, or when numerous, then attached 

 to axile placentas ; embryo small, in horny albumen. 



Diagnosis. — Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with opposite simple entire 

 leaves, and interpetiolar stipules. Calyx superior. Corolla 

 regular. Stamens equal in number to the teeth of the calyx and 

 segments of the corolla, with the latter of which they are alter- 

 nate, epipetalous. Ovary inferior, 2 or more celled. Fruit 

 inferior. Seeds 1 or more, with horny albumen. 



By most botanists this order and the G-aliacese are regarded as 

 sub-orders of an order which is termed Eubiacese. (See p. 570.) 



Division of the Order, and Examples of the Ge7iera. — The 

 Cinchonacese may be divided into two sub -orders as follows : — 



Sub-order 1. Coffees. — Ovary with 1 or 2 seeds only in each cell. 



Examples: — Cephaelis, Coffea, Ixora. 

 Sub-order 2. Cinchonece. — Ovary many-seeded. Examples: — 



Cinchona, Grardenia, Grenipa. 



Distribution and Numbers. — They are almost exclusively 

 natives of tropical and warm regions. There are about 2,600 

 species. 



Properties and Uses. — The properties of the plants of this 

 extensive order are very important to man, furnishing him with 

 many valuable medicinal agents, as well as substances u?eful in 

 the arts and domestic economy. Thus, many possess tonic, 

 febrifugal, astringent, emetic, or purgative properties ; a few are 

 valuable dyeing and tanning agents, and others have edible 

 fruits and seeds. Some are reputed to have intoxicating, and 

 in rare cases even poisonous, properties. Various species are 



