COROIXIFLOE^. 



569 



Lana tree, is the Genipap of South. Ameiica. In British Guiana, a bluish- 

 tlack dye called Lana dye, is prepared from the juice of the fruit. The fruit 

 of G. brazUiensis also furnishes a violet dye. 



Gufttarda speciosa. — This plant is said by some to fiu-nish the Zebra-wood 

 of cabinet makei-s, &c., but according to Schomburgh this is the produce of 

 Omphalohium Lambertii, a native of Guiana. (See Omphalobium.) Tortoise' 

 icood is also sometimes considered to be derived from a variety of G. speciosa. 



Morinda. — The roots of 21. citrifolia and M. tindoria are used in India 

 and some other parts of Asia for dyeing red. TTiey have been occasionally 

 imported into this country, under the names of bladder, Munieet, and Chay- 

 root ; but such names are improperly applietl to them. (S«e OMeidandia 

 and Ruhia.) The flowers of species of Morinda are also employed in India 

 for dyeing, mixed tvith those of Grislea tomentosa. (See Grislea). 



Oldenlandia umbeUata. — The root of this plant is occasionally imported 

 from India under the name of Chay or Che root. (See Morinda.) It is em- 

 ployed to dye red, purple, and orange-brown. The colouring matter is con- 

 fined to the bark. 



Psychotria. — The root of P. emetica is called black or striated ipecacuanha. 

 It is occasionally imported, but not used in this country. It possesses emetic 

 properties like the roots of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha and Richardson ia scabra, 

 but it is far less active than the annulated ipecacuanha. It contains emetia. 

 The roasted seeds of P. herbacea have been used as a substitute for coffee. 



Richardsonia scabra or braziliensis. — The root is emetic. It contains the 

 same active principle, namely, emetia, as that of the annulated ipecacuanha 

 root from Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, but it is not so active as it. It is commonly 

 known as undulated, white, or amylaceous ipecacuanha. It is not used in this 

 country. 



Sarcocephalus esculentus. — The fruit is the Sierra Leone Peach. 



Uncaria (Xauclea) Gambir. — An extract prepared from the leaves and 

 young shoots of this plant constittites the kind of Catechu, which is known 

 in commerce as Gambir, Gambler, or Pale Terra Japonica, and by druegists, 

 as Catechu in square cakes. In the British Pharmacopoeia it is officinal under 

 the name of Pale Catechu. It is one of the most powertul of astringents, and 

 is largely employed in tanning and dyeing, and also in medicine. 



Natural Order 124. Gauacejs or Stellat.^:. — The ^Madder 

 Order {figs. 947-950). — Character. — Herbaceous plants, with 

 whorled exstipalate leaves {fig. 260), and angular stems {fig. 



Fig. 947. Fig. 948. Fig. 949. Fig. 950. 



m£- 



Fig. 947. Diagram of the flower of the Madder (Rubia tinctontm). Fi{f. 



948. Pistil of Madder adlierent to the calyx, cai. st Styles and stigmas. 

 Fig. 949. Pistil of Goose Grass or Cleavers (Galium Aparine') sur- 

 rounded by the calyx, b. st. Styles. Fig. 950. Tertical section of 



the fruit and seeds of Galium Aparine. a. Albumen, c. Embrjo. pi. 

 Placenta. 



260). Calii/x superior {figs. 948, cal, and 949, b), with the limb 

 4 — 6-lobed, or obsolete. Corolla monopetalous, 4 — 6-lobed {fig. 

 947), regular. Stamens epipetalous, equal in number to the 



