571 



SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



hermaphrodite {figs. 954-956), unisexual {fig. 475), or neuter, 

 arranged in capitula {figs. 401 and 418), which are commonly 

 surrounded by an involucre formed of a number of imbricated 

 bracts \^phyllaries) {fig. 373) ; the separate florets are also fre- 

 quently furnished -with membranous scale-like bractlets (called 

 palece) {fig. 378). Calyx superior {figs. 954-956), its limb either 

 entirely abortive {fig. 448), or membranous {fig. 449), and then 

 entire or toothed ; or pappose, — that is, divided into bristles, or 

 simple, or branched, or feathery hairs (fig. 955). Corolla mono- 

 petalous {figs. 954-956), tubular {fig. 448), ligulate {fig. 956), 

 or bilabiate {fig. 954), 4 — 5-toothed, with a valvate aestivation. 

 Stamens {figs. 954-956, e), 6, or rarely 4, inserted on the corolla, 

 and alternate with its divisions ; filaments distinct or monadel- 

 phous ; anthers united into a tube {syngenesious or synantherous) 

 {fig. 534), which is perforated by the style {fig. 956). Ovary in- 

 ferior, 1-celled, with 1 erect ovule {fig. 955) ; style 1, undivided 

 below, and commonly bifid above {fig. 956); stigmas 2, one 

 being placed on the inner surface of each division of the style 

 {fig. 958). Fruit dry, indehiscent, 1-celled, crowned by the limb 

 of the calyx, which is often pappose {fig. 957)- Seed {fig. 957) 

 solitary, erect, exalbuminous ; radicle, inferior {fig. 957 e). 



Fig. 958. 



Fig. 958. Styles and stigmas of Composite Flowers to illustrate De 

 Candolle'3 Tribes, after Heyland and Lindley. 1. Albertinia erythro- 

 pappa (Vernonieffi/. 2. Anisochwla wiifcanioides (Eupatorieae). 3. Blumea 

 senecioides (Asteroidese). 4. Mendezia bicolor (SenecioideEe). 5. Lipo- 

 chceta umbellata (Setiecioideae). 6. Aplotaxis nepalensis (GynareiB). 7. 

 Leucomeris spectabilis (Mutisieas). 8. Leuceria tenuis (Nassavieae). 



Diagnosis. — Herbs or shrubs, with exstipulate leaves. Flowers 

 (called florets) arranged in dense capitula, and commonly sur- 

 rounded by an involucre. Calyx superior, its limb abortive, or 



