COEOLLIFLORiE. 575 



membranous, or pappose. Corolla monopetalous, 4 — 5-toothed, 

 ■with a valvate sestiration. Stamens epipetalous, equal in 

 number to the divisions of the corolla (generally 5), and alter- 

 nate with them ; anthers syngenesious. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled 

 with 1 erect ovide, style simple, bifid above. Fruit 1 -celled, dry, 

 indehiscent. Seed solitary, erect, exalbiuninous ; radicle inferior. 

 Division of the Order, and Examples of the Genera. — This 

 order has been variously divided by authors. By Linnaeus, 

 the plants of his class Sy^igenesia, division Folygamia (which 

 corresponded to the Natural Order CompositcB as above defined), 

 were arranged in five orders, imder the names of Polygamia 

 aequalis, P. superflua, P. fnistanea, P. necessaria, and P. segregata. 

 The characters of these have been already stated at page 404. Jus- 

 sieu separated the Compositse into three sub-orders as follows : 

 — 1. Corym'.ifercB, the plants of which have all tubular (flos- 

 culous) and perfect florets ; or those of the disk (centre) 

 tubular and perfect, and those of the ray (circumference) tubidar 

 and pistilliferous, or ligulate (radiant). 2. Cynarocephalcs, the 

 florets of which are all tubular and perfect ; or those in the 

 centre perfect, and those of the ray neuter : and 3. Cicho- 

 racecB, having all the florets ligulate and perfect. A fourth sub- 

 order was afterwards added, called LahiatiflorcB, which included 

 those plants the florets of which were bilabiate, and which 

 were unknown to Jussieu. The arrangement most frequently 

 adopted at the present day is that of De Candolle : this was 

 founded on that of Lessing. It is as follows : — 



Sub-order 1. Tuhidiflorce. — Florets tubular or ligulate, either 

 perfect, unisexual, or neuter. Perfect florets tubular, with 5, or 

 rarely 4, equal teeth. This sub-order includes the CorymhifercB 

 and CynarocephalcB of Jussieu. It has been divided into' five 

 tribes : — 



Tribe 1. Vernoniea. Style cylindrical ; its arms generally long 

 and subulate, sometimes short and blunt, always covered aU 

 over with bristles {fig. 958, 1). Examples: — Adenocyclus, 

 Vernonia, Elephantopus. 



Tribe 2. EupatoriecB. Style cylindrical ; its arms long and 

 somewhat clavate, with a papillose surface on the outside 

 near the end {fig. 958, 2). Examples: — ^Eupatx^rium, Tns- 

 silago, Petasites. 



Tribe 3. Asteroidece. Style cylindrical ; its arms linear, flat 

 on the outside, equally and finely downy on the inside 

 {fig. 958, 3). ExampAes: — Erigeron, Bellis, Pulicaria. 



Tribe 4. Senecioidece. Style cylindrical; its arms linear, fringed 

 at the point, generally truncate, but sometimes extended 

 beyond the fringe into a short cone or appendage of some 

 kind {fig. 958, 4 and 5). Examples : — Anthemis, Artemisia, 

 Senecio. 



