650 



SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



Natural Order 226. Helwingiacbje. — The Helwingia Order. 

 —Character. — The order only contains a single known species^ 

 Helwingia riiscifolia ; this is a shrubby plant found in Japan, 

 the leaves of which are employed as an esculent vegetable. Dr. 

 Hooker places this genus in the order Araliacese, but Lindley 

 considered it as nearly allied to Garryacege, from which it is 

 chiefly known by its alternate stipulate leaves, fascicled flowers, 

 and 3 — 4-celled ovary. 



Natural Order 227. G-arryace.^. — The Grarrya Order. — 

 Character, — Shrubs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate. Flowers 

 unisexual, amentaceous. Male flower with 4 sepals, and 4 

 stamens alternating with them. Female flower with a superior 

 2-toothed calyx, and a 1 -celled ovary with 2 styles and 2 pen- 

 dulous stalked ovules. Fruit indehiscent, baccate, 2-seeded. 

 Embryo very minute, albuminous. 



Distribution, cfc. — Natives of the temperate parts of North 

 America, or of the West Indies. Examples of the Genera : — 

 Garrya, and Fadgenia. These are the only genera ; they include 

 6 species. They have no known properties. 



Natural Order 228. Juglandace.e.— The Walnut Order {figs, 

 1017 and 1018). — Trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, exstipulate. 



Fig. 1017. 



Fig. 1018. 



Fig. 1017. Staminate amentum of the Walnut tree {Juglans regia) ; the 

 flowers are separated by scaly bracts. Fig. 1018. Seed of the same. 



Flowers unisexual (fig. 1017). Male fiowers in amenta {fig. 

 1017); calyx 2 — 6-partite, irregular. Female flowers solitary, 

 or in small terminal clusters ; calyx superior, regular, 3 — 5-lobed; 

 ovary inferior, 2 — 4-celled at the base, l-celled above ; ovule 

 solitary, erect. Fruit called a tryma (page 312). Seed {fig. 

 1018), 2 — 4-lobed, without albumen; ew6n/o with sinuous oily 

 cotyledons, and a short superior radicle. 



